论王尔德的女性主义思想

发布时间：2018-06-24 01:18

本文选题：王尔德 + 女性主义思想　；参考：《辽宁大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为十九世纪英国文坛上的著名作家，王尔德以其优美且反映现实的童话、戏剧及小说闻名于世。王尔德是当之无愧的唯美主义运动领军人物，文坛上对王尔德的研究也多聚焦于他的唯美主义思想。但是，在王尔德的一系列作品中，也塑造了许许多多的女性形象。虽然其作品中的环境及人物形象设置都以唯美主义著称，在研究王尔德时，也应注意，这位作家的女性主义意识十分明显。在他的作品中，女性形象从不是传统作品中的符号，更不是以往男性作家笔下的满足男性理想的形象，而是若干具有强烈的自我意识，而且积极寻求自我价值的女性形象。王尔德认为，女性只凭一味顺从和屈服，无法真正获得男性的尊重和欣赏，因此他倾向于将女性塑造为具有思想，有坚定意志的形象，并在作品中充分肯定了女性对于家庭稳定、幸福所起到的重要作用。学术界对于王尔德的研究，主要集中于他对于唯美主义思想的贡献，其作品中体现出来的唯美主义意象和他传达给读者的唯美主义感受。还有一些研究人员探讨了王尔德的唯美主义及其他思想对于现代主义及现代社会的影响。在当今社会，尽管女性的地位正在稳步提升，但相对于男性，女性地位仍有巨大的提升空间，在职场上，女性获得的机遇也较男性少，因此，关注女性的地位和境遇十分必要。而王尔德在距今百余年前对于改善女性生存情况的呼吁，对于如今女性地位的提高，，仍然具有一定的启发作用。为解析王尔德的女性主义思想，本论文分五部分来研究其思想在作品中的体现。第一部分为引言，介绍王尔德女性主义思想的产生过程，简要说明本文的理论基础，文献综述，并论述本文的理论及现实意义。第一章重点阐述女性主义思潮的产生及发展过程，并分析女性主义理论的大体分支及其理论和思想，为接下来的研究奠定理论基础。第二章着重分析王尔德笔下的莎乐美这一角色；莎乐美是古圣经中的人物，王尔德将这一形象从古圣经中提取出来，并在一定程度上进行了升华，将莎乐美塑造为不惧继父权势的公主形象，并且能够勇敢追求自己的爱情，不因乔卡南的拒绝而退缩，想法大胆激进。本文借分析莎乐美这一女性形象，探讨王尔德的激进主义女性主义思想。第三章探讨了《温德米尔夫人的扇子》和《一个无足轻重的女人》两篇戏剧作品中的若干女性形象，尤其是厄林太太和阿不思诺太太两位“堕落”女性；王尔德通过这两位性格迥异但经历相似的女人，表达出一个观点，即在男权主义社会，犯过错的女性比男性更不容易得到谅解，尽管相当一部分“堕落”女性悔过自新，自强自立，但仍无法摆脱社会的偏见。通过分析两位女性的经历和性格，探讨了王尔德的自由主义女性主义思想。第四章分析了王尔德小说及童话中的女性形象，一方面借西比尔这一人物说明王尔德的女性主义思想能够体现马克思主义对于女性家务劳动应得到报偿的思想，另一方面也说明，王尔德并非盲目崇敬女性，他笔下也有不美好的女性形象。最后一部分为结论，综合论述王尔德通过在作品中塑造坚强、独立自主的女性形象，来表达并宣扬其女性主义思想。在王尔德笔下，无论是戏剧作品中的莎乐美、厄林夫人还是小说中的西比尔，都具有以往作品中女性角色所不具备的鲜明的女性意识。甚至是外表柔弱的小弗吉尼亚，也懂得不随便依附家人的看法，表现出对鬼魂的同情和坚定的意志。本文通过对王尔德笔下女性角色的探讨研究，深入思考了王尔德的女性主义意识，证明了王尔德作为男性作家，非但没有将女性作为次等性别对待，反而对其高度赞扬，体现了王尔德的女性主义思想。
[Abstract]:As a famous writer in the British literary world in nineteenth Century, Wilde is famous for his beautiful and realistic fairy tales, drama and novels. Wilde is a worthy leader of the aestheticism movement, and the study of Wilde in the literary world is mostly focused on his idealism thought. However, in a series of Wilde's works, it is also plastic A lot of female images have been created. Although the environment and figure setting in his works are famous for aestheticism, the study of Wilde should also be paid attention to. The feminist consciousness of the writer is very obvious. In his works, the female image is not the symbol in the traditional works, but not the man's satisfaction in the past. The image of a sexual ideal is a female image with a strong sense of self and a positive search for self value. Wilde believes that women can not really get respect and appreciation by men only by submissive and submissive, so he tends to shape women as thinking, strong will and fully affirmed in their works. Women play an important role in family stability and happiness.
The study of Wilde mainly focused on his contribution to aestheticism, the aesthetic imagery embodied in his works and the aestheticism that he conveyed to the readers. And some of the researchers discussed the influence of Wilde's aestheticism and other ideas on modernism and modern society.
In today's society, although the status of women is steadily improving, but relative to men, the status of women still has a huge promotion space, in the job field, women have less opportunities than men. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the status and situation of women. And Wilde's appeal to improving the survival of women more than a hundred years ago, such as The improvement of women's status still has some enlightening effect.
In order to analyze Wilde's feminist thought, this thesis is divided into five parts to study the embodiment of his thought in his works.
The first part is the introduction, which introduces the production process of Wilde's feminist thought, briefly explains the theoretical basis, literature review, and discusses the theoretical and practical significance of this article.
The first chapter focuses on the emergence and development of feminist thoughts, and analyzes the general branches of feminist theories and their theories and ideas, laying a theoretical foundation for the next research.
The second chapter focuses on the role of Wilde's Salome; Salome is a character in the ancient holy scriptures. Wilde has extracted this image from the ancient Bible and sublimated it to a certain extent, making Salome a princess without fear of the power of the stepfather, and being able to pursue his love bravely, not by Joe Canan. Refusing to retreat and thinking boldly and radically, this article explores Wilde's radicalism feminism by analyzing Salome's feminine image.
The third chapter discusses the female images of "Mrs. Demille's fan >" and "a little woman > two", especially Mrs. and Mrs. Albus Nor, two "fallen" women; Wilde expresses a point of view through the two disparate but similar women, that is, in the patriarchal society, Women who have made mistakes are more difficult to understand than men. Although a considerable number of "fallen" women repent and become self reliant, they are still unable to get rid of social prejudices. Through the analysis of the experiences and characters of two women, Wilde's Liberalist feminism is discussed.
The fourth chapter analyzes Wilde's novel and the female image in the fairy tale. On the one hand, it shows that Wilde's feminist thought can reflect the thought that Marx should pay for the housework of women, and on the other hand, that Wilde is not a blind respect for women, and that he also has a bad female form in his writing. Elephant.
The last part is the conclusion, which comprehensively discusses Wilde's expression and advocating of feminism by creating a strong and independent female image in his works.
In Wilde's writings, both Salome, Mrs. Herlin, or the West bill in the novel, have a distinct feminine consciousness that the female characters do not have in the previous works. Even the weak Virginia in appearance knows not to be attached to the family to show sympathy and firm will to the ghost. Through the study of Wilde's female characters, this paper deeply thinks about Wilde's feminist consciousness, and proves that Wilde is a male writer, and not only does not treat women as secondary sex, but highly praises them and embodies Wilde's feminist thinking.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.06

【参考文献】