《海披里安》中济慈的人文主义思想

发布时间：2018-07-02 06:59

本文选题：约翰·济慈 + 《海披里安》　；参考：《中南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：英国十九世纪浪漫派诗人约翰·济慈(1795--1821)以其诗歌中对“美”的追求而闻名。在他“美”的理想中,隐含其对人性和历史的人文主义思考。其长诗《海披里安》虽未完成,却是他人文思想的代表作品。本文将在浪漫主义时期人文主义的背景下,结合济慈信件中的相关表述,分析在《海披里安》这部残篇中,济慈人文主义追求的体现形式,他对道德的理解,以及对人性和历史进步过程的思索。《海披里安》首先从形式上反映了济慈的人文主义追求。希腊神话和感性叙述的方式是济慈抒写自己的人文主义思想的独特方式。古希腊作为人文主义的起源,其神话被济慈加以改写,成为他对现实的人文主义寓言。同时,济慈在诗作中对“情感”描述的注重也呼应了浪漫主义时期人文思想对感性力量的信任。至于济慈在《海披里安》中的人文主义思想则主要体现在他对道德和历史进程的思考之中。《海披里安》中,“美”很大程度上成为道德的标志。济慈认为,只有心灵保持“无私”才能感受真理性的“美”。诗人培养“消极能力”以书写真“美”,世人则通过培养心灵的“无私”领悟道德的内涵。凭藉这一领悟,人将认识到苦难的意义,从而得到救赎。济慈将这一救赎表述为“智力”到“灵魂”的升华。这便是他道德的理想。这一理想对整个人类社会的应用即体现济慈对社会历史进程的观点。和浪漫主义人文思想家一样,济慈强调人性发展和历史发展的相互交融。济慈认为,亲身经验而获得的“知识”是推动这两方面进步的重要力量。心灵成长必然经历生活的“神秘”所带来的迷惑和不安。在“泪之谷”中磨砺将给予人认识自身和世界的“知识”,从而提升其对道德的领悟。后人以自身经验对前人的“知识”加以验证和继承,从而实现“知识”的积累,人性由此得以发展,继而促进人类历史的进步。济慈对“美”的定义包含他对道德的思考,他对“知识”的理解又规定了其道德理想的实现途径。济慈的人文思想和美学思想紧密交织。这二者的相互交融要求我们既要认清济慈“美”的追求中对现实的深切关注,也要承认他社会和历史文本中的美学诉求。结合美学研究济慈的人文主义思想必将加深我们对济慈其人及其诗歌的理解。
[Abstract]:John Keats (1795-1821), a romantic English poet in the 19th century, is famous for his pursuit of beauty in his poems. In his ideal of beauty, his humanistic thinking about human nature and history is implied. His long poem, Haipirian, is the representative work of his humanistic thought, though it is not finished. Under the background of humanism during the Romantic period and the relevant expressions in Keats' letter, this paper will analyze the form of Keats humanism's pursuit and his understanding of morality in this remnant of "Haipirian". Hyperion reflects Keats's pursuit of humanism in form. Greek mythology and perceptual narration are Keats's unique way of expressing his humanism. As the origin of humanism, ancient Greece's mythology was rewritten by Keats and became his realistic humanistic fable. At the same time, Keats's attention to the description of emotion in his poems echoed the trust of the romantic humanistic thought in the perceptual power. Keats's humanism in Hyperion is mainly reflected in his thoughts on morality and historical process. In Haipirian, Beauty is to a large extent the symbol of morality. Keats believes that the true beauty can only be felt if the mind remains selfless. The poet cultivates "negative ability" to write "beauty" in the book, and the world understands the connotation of morality by cultivating the "selfless" spirit. By this understanding, man will realize the meaning of suffering and thus be redeemed. Keats describes this redemption as the sublimation of intelligence to soul. This is his moral ideal. The application of this ideal to the whole human society reflects Keats's view on the historical process of society. Like romantic humanistic thinkers, Keats emphasizes the intermingling of the development of human nature and the development of history. Keats believes that knowledge gained through personal experience is an important driving force in these two areas of progress. Spiritual growth is bound to experience the mystery of life brought about by confusion and uneasiness. Sharpening in the Valley of tears will give people knowledge about themselves and the world, thus enhancing their moral understanding. Later generations verified and inherited the former "knowledge" with their own experience, so as to realize the accumulation of "knowledge", so that human nature can develop and then promote the progress of human history. Keats's definition of "beauty" includes his thoughts on morality, and his understanding of "knowledge" provides the way to realize his moral ideal. Keats's humanistic thought and aesthetic thought are closely intertwined. The intermingling of the two requires us to recognize Keats' deep concern for reality in his pursuit of "beauty" as well as the aesthetic demands in his social and historical texts. The study of Keats's humanism in combination with aesthetics will deepen our understanding of Keats's people and his poems.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.072

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