生态批评视野下的《白鲸》

发布时间：2018-07-15 21:10

【摘要】：工业革命不仅改变了世界的面貌,同时也改变了人与自然之间的关系。源于对经济利益的疯狂追求,人类开始掠夺,仇恨和漠视自然。人与自然的关系急剧恶化并导致了全球性的生态危机。在20世纪七十年代,美国兴起了一种结合文学与生态学,并基于文本来重新审视人与自然关系的文学批评潮流—生态批评,它成熟于九十年代中期,之后因其丰富而深刻的内容迅速发展成为国际性多元文化运动。重审文学文化经典是其重要议题之一。随着文化交流日盛,生态批评传播到中国,并形成了当今文学研究中的文学批评思潮。而19世纪美国小说家赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的代表作《白鲸》不仅揭露了人与自然的紧张关系,同时也是一部生态悲剧性预言的警示性作品。本论文运用生态批评视野,较为系统地分析了该小说中的生态内涵,并揭示了其蕴含的反生态因素。通过分析小说中主要人物的自然意识以及生态责任的觉醒,发掘出生态危机的思想根源：人类中心主义。通过重新审视反生态的文学经典,有助于进一步挖掘出这部作品的现代价值,同时也能激发出人类的环境保护意识,以期警示人类应走出人类中心主义误区,敬畏生命,尊重自然,回归自然。
[Abstract]:The Industrial Revolution changed not only the face of the world, but also the relationship between man and nature. From the crazy pursuit of economic interests, mankind began to plunder, hatred and disregard for nature. The relationship between man and nature has deteriorated sharply and led to a global ecological crisis. In the seventies of the 20th century, the United States developed a literary criticism tide of combining literature and ecology, and based on text to re-examine the relationship between man and nature. It matured in the mid-1990s. Then because of its rich and profound content rapidly developed into an international multicultural movement. Review of literary and cultural classics is one of its important topics. With the development of cultural exchange, ecological criticism spreads to China and forms the trend of literary criticism. The American novelist Herman Melville's masterpiece Moby Dick in the 19th century not only exposed the tension between man and nature but also a cautionary work of ecological tragic prophecy. In this paper, the ecological connotation of the novel is systematically analyzed from the perspective of ecological criticism, and the anti-ecological factors are revealed. By analyzing the natural consciousness of the main characters and the awakening of ecological responsibility, the author finds out the ideological root of ecological crisis: anthropocentrism. By re-examining the anti-ecological literary classics, it is helpful to further excavate the modern value of this work, and at the same time to arouse the consciousness of environmental protection of human beings, in order to warn us that we should step out of the misunderstandings of anthropocentrism and fear life. Respect nature and return to nature.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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