拉什迪小说《午夜之子》中的狂欢化解读

发布时间：2018-07-15 21:28

【摘要】：《午夜之子》是著名印裔英国作家萨尔曼·拉什迪的杰作。拉什迪是二十世纪最具知名度的印裔英国后现代小说家之一。拉什迪出生于孟买，十四岁移居英国。人生经历赋予了拉什迪多元文化观，使得他得以摆脱东/西方的束缚，冷静客观的审视东西方文明。拉什迪通过融合印地语与英语跨越了东、西方诗学的界限，他的作品多通过奇幻手段重构印度历史，以此展现了他作为“第三世界世界主义者”的人文主义情怀。拉什迪的第二部小说《午夜之子》摘得了1981年布克文学奖的桂冠。小说成功得运用了魔幻现实主义手法，通过奇幻和想象重构印度历史。拉什迪的作品虽然在西方被广泛阅读，却在国内研究中较少得到关注。国内对拉什迪的研究主要集中在其小说的魔幻现实主义手法的运用以及小说呈现的后现代特征。本文认为狂欢化特征是这部小说的独特艺术特征。在《午夜之子》中，作者大量融入印度本土俚语、俗语等平民的“草根”话语；肉体描写比比皆是，，人物大多形象怪诞，举止行为滑稽可笑；主人公萨利姆在自己的想象世界中成了“午夜之子”会议的领头羊，印度总理英迪拉·甘地在作者笔下成了政治小丑，实现了加冕到脱冕的过程，这一切展现了一个狂欢化的世界。本文依托巴赫金的狂欢诗学理论,从狂欢化的角度切入,通过细读和阐释来探讨《午夜之子》中狂欢化的具体表现以及深刻内涵。本文由绪论、正文和结语五部分组成。绪论概述了拉什迪的文学成就，《午夜之子》在世界文坛的重要地位，并指出论文的创作意义。第一章运用巴赫金的狂欢化理论论述《午夜之子》语言狂欢化艺术特征。拉什迪的作品仿佛是语言的狂欢盛宴，具有不竭生命力的印度“草根”口头语、俏皮话、俗语俯拾即是，语言偏离现象无处不在。此外，作品大量运用了暗喻、讽刺等修辞手法，取得了独特的艺术效果。以上这些反传统语言形式大大消解了英语作为官方语言的垄断性和权威性，显示出强烈的狂欢叛逆精神。第二章运用巴赫金的狂欢化理论对小说中人物狂欢化的艺术特征进行了剖析。本文指出当怪诞、疯癫、滑稽、加冕、脱冕等狂欢化元素进入《午夜之子》时，这部小说呈现了出狂欢化特征。第三章从历史与文本、文本之间以及文本内部三个方面论述了小说的互文对话性。拉什迪通过戏说历史，消解了历史和文本的界限；其对东西方文学经典的戏仿也是对传统经典的传承和叛逆，实现了不同文本之间的互文；拉什迪利用叙述偏离的技巧降低了叙述者的可信性，使得文本内部充满了狂欢色彩。结语部分在总结全文的基础上指出了本论文的理论意义和现实意义。萨尔曼·拉什迪的小说《午夜之子》揭示了文学创作在语言和人物塑造上对民间文化的借鉴，并为怪诞等为经典美学所摒弃的文学现象在现代美学中找到了适当的位置。现实意义角度而言，本文认为《午夜之子》展露出的反叛精神、对话精神以及越界精神赋予了印度边缘文化话语权，消解了宗教、政治纷争，让多元文化、多元宗教得以和谐共生，充分展现了拉什迪的人文主义精神。
[Abstract]:He was born in Mumbai , a 14 - year - old British writer . He was born in Mumbai and moved to Britain at the age of fourteen . His life experienced a multicultural view of the East and the West .

The second novel of Lashti has picked up the 1981 Booker Literary Award from midnight . The novel has successfully applied the magic realism to reconstruct India ' s history through fantasy and imagination . The works in the country are widely read in the West , but less attention has been paid in domestic research . The research of the country is mainly focused on the application of the magic realism of his novel and the post - modern features of the novel .
The description of the flesh is everywhere , the characters are mostly images of the absurd , the lifting behavior is ridiculous ;
In his imaginary world , the hero Salim became the leader of the " midnight " meeting , and the Prime Minister of India , Indira Gandhi , made a political clown under the author ' s pen , and realized the process of coronation and coronation . This article is based on the theory of carnival poetics , from the perspective of carnival , and through detailed reading and interpretation to explore the concrete expression and profound connotation of Carnival in the midnight of midnight .

This paper consists of five parts : introduction , text and conclusion .

The introduction gives an overview of the literary achievements of Lashti , the important position of midnight in the literary world of the world , and points out the significance of the paper .

Chapter one uses the carnival theory of bahkin to discuss the artistic features of the carnival in the midnight of midnight . The works of Rakhi are as if they were the carnival feast of the language , the Indian " grass root " , the witticism and the vulgar language which had not exhausted vitality . In addition , the works made great use of the rhetoric such as metaphor , irony and so on , and obtained the unique artistic effect . These anti - traditional language forms greatly resolved the monopoly and authority of English as official language , and displayed a strong sense of carnival and rebellion .

The second chapter analyzes the artistic characteristics of the carnival in the novel by using the carnival theory of Bahkin . The author points out that the novel presents the carnival characteristics when the carnival elements such as the absurd , the crazy , the funny , the coronation and the decadeation enter the midnight of midnight .

Chapter Three discusses the intertextual dialogue of the novel from three aspects : history , text , text , and text .
The classical opera imitation of the East and West literature is also the inheritance and treason of the traditional classics , which realizes the mutual text between different texts ;
The use of narrative departure techniques by Mr . Radhidi reduces the credibility of the narrators so that the interior of the text is filled with carnival colors .

The concluding part points out the theoretical and practical significance of this paper on the basis of summarizing the whole text .
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I561.074

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