一个分裂的自我—对《野草在歌唱》中玛丽特纳的莱恩式解读
发布时间：2018-07-27 18:38
【摘要】：英国作家多丽丝·莱辛的作品中涉及的主题很广泛,其中,精神分裂是经常出现的一个主题。莱辛的第一部小说《野草在歌唱》中的主人公玛丽·特纳就经历了一个精神分裂的过程,该过程与著名的现代精神病学家、心理学家罗纳德·大卫·莱恩的精神分裂症理论相符。 莱恩指出,所有人从一开始就处于世界中,并处于与他人的关系中,因此都拥有一个共同的“存在于世”的生存状态。这种状态对个人的精神发展有很大影响。玛丽特纳尔的“存在于世”状态对她的精神发展产生了很大的负面影响。具体地说,在玛丽小时候,不和谐的家庭气氛使她身心俱疲；当她进入社会后,人们用传统婚姻观评判她,使她承受着巨大的舆论压力；结婚后,玛丽不幸福的婚姻也令她沮丧不堪。 小说中,玛丽从小就遭受莱恩理论中的“存在性不安”。玛丽的不安感来自于缺失父母的爱,而她对于“家”这个概念错位的理解更加强化了这种不安感。 莱恩认为,遭遇“存在性不安”的个体会经历三种不安形式,这三种不安形式可以用来解释玛丽的行为。玛丽首先遭受了“吞没不安”。玛丽出生于一个不和谐的家庭,父亲是一个没有责任心的酒鬼,母亲只会整天抱怨,玛丽的童年过得很苦。为了不被这种沮丧的家庭氛围所吞没,玛丽采取了一种防御机制,即她将自我分裂为“假自我”和“真自我”。在保持其“假自我”的同时,玛丽的“真自我”处于被压抑的状态。这种分裂一直持续到玛丽30多岁。这时的玛丽遭受了“僵化不安”,其自我进一步分裂。“僵化不安”是由于害怕失去自主性而产生的一种不安形式。为了维持自主性,一方面,玛丽将自己僵化为“16岁的玛丽”而忽略自己的真实年龄,因为16岁是玛丽一生中最快乐的时期；另一方面,她将他人,尤其是男性,僵化为不会威胁其自主性的物体。这样,玛丽既可以像她16岁那样着装打扮,也可以不用担心自主性受到威胁,从而可以与他人保持良好的关系。然而,当她偶然听到朋友们议论她年龄如此大还不结婚时,她感觉到内心很虚空。这是因为,她的“真自我”长期处于被压抑的状态,致使她失去了面对现实的能力。现实对玛丽来说就变成了聚爆性的。玛丽也因此遭遇了“聚爆不安”。为了克服这种不安,玛丽匆匆地嫁给了迪克·特纳来迎合社会传统。但是,这场婚姻并没有把玛丽从不安中拯救出来。迪克的无能和没有孩子的绝望使玛丽到达了精神崩溃的边缘。 玛丽本可以被黑人家仆摩西拯救,因为摩西给玛丽的生命带来了活力,玛丽被摩西的男性气势所吸引,而且在他的身上找到了她从小缺失的父爱。但是,为了屈从于集体准则,玛丽放弃了自我整合的机会,并最终导致精神崩溃。 玛丽的精神崩溃既有自身的原因,也有社会的责任。其分裂的内因在于她的想象与现实的分离。这也符合莱恩提出的造成精神分裂的内因。当玛丽还是小女孩的时候,她就把英国这个她从未去过的地方想象成她的家,进而否定她真正的家；当玛丽步入30岁后,她依然想象她只有16岁,而否定了她的真实年龄；当玛丽结婚后,她幻想着能把丈夫变成她所希望的样子,但却失败了。玛丽的想象和现实之间不断的分离加剧了她自我的分裂,并最终导致她精神的崩溃。莱恩认为家庭和社会是导致精神分裂症的两个外因,也成为造成玛丽悲剧的两个外因。不和谐的家庭氛围在玛丽的心里留下了很深的伤疤,进而引发了玛丽终生的自我分裂。进入社会之后,玛丽受到集体准则的束缚。当玛丽在摩西的身上找到了实现自我整合的可能之时,她被迫在集体准则和个人情感之间做选择。玛丽选择了前者,放弃了实现自我整合的机会。同时,玛丽也成为她所处的那个自私的团体的牺牲品。当她被谋杀之后,所有的团体成员都选择了保持缄默,因为他们害怕引起谋杀的真相会使整个团体蒙羞。 简而言之,本论文旨在通过罗纳德·大卫·莱恩的精神分裂症理论分析玛丽精神分裂的过程及原因。首先,玛丽的精神分裂(或莱恩理论中的“自我的分裂”)是由她的存在性不安引起的。伴随存在性不安而来的是“吞没不安”、“僵化不安”和“聚爆不安”三种不安形式。其次,罗纳德·大卫·莱恩认为,精神分裂症的诱因包括内因和外因两方面。引起玛丽的精神分裂的内因是想象与现实的分离,外因包括玛丽所在的家庭和她所处的社会。
[Abstract]:Doris Lessin, a British writer, involves a wide range of themes, of which schizophrenia is a frequent theme. Lessing's first novel, the hero Mary Turner in the weeds, has experienced a process of schizophrenia, the process and the famous modern psychiatrist, psychologist Ronald David. Ryan's theory of schizophrenia is consistent.
Ryan points out that all people are in the world from the beginning and are in the relationship with others, so they all have a common "existence in the world" existence state. This state has a great influence on the individual's spiritual development. Marit Nall's "existence in the world" has a great negative impact on her spiritual development. When she was a child, the disharmonious family atmosphere made her physically and mentally exhausted; when she entered the society, people judged her with the traditional concept of marriage, which made her bear great pressure of public opinion; after marriage, Marie's unhappy marriage also made her depressed.
In the novel, Marie suffered from the "uneasiness of existence" in Ryan's theory from an early age. Marie's unease came from missing parents' love, and her understanding of the misconception of the concept of "home" strengthened the feeling of unease.
Ryan believes that the experience of "existence uneasiness" experiences three kinds of uneasy forms. These three forms of unease can be used to explain Marie's behavior. Marie first suffered "swallowing uneasiness." Marie was born in a disharmonious family, father was an unresponsible wine ghost, mother only complained all day, Marie's childhood passed. Very bitter. In order not to be swallowed by this depressed family atmosphere, Marie took a defensive mechanism, that she split herself into "false self" and "true self". While keeping his "false self", Marie's "true ego" was in a state of repression. This split continued until Marie was more than 30 years old. Marie suffered from this time. In order to maintain autonomy, Marie turned himself into a "16 year old Marie" and ignored his true age, because 16 was the happiest period of Marie's life; on the other hand, she was the happiest time of Marie's life. In this way, Marie can be dressed up as she is 16 years old and can not be threatened by her autonomy, so that she can keep a good relationship with others. However, she feels the heart of her heart when she occasionally hears that her friends are so old and not married. It's very empty. It's because her "true self" is in a state of depression that has lost her ability to face reality. The reality has turned to Marie's exploding nature. Marie, too, has suffered "uneasy". In order to overcome this uneasiness, Marie hastily married Dick Turner to cater for the social tradition. But, this Field marriage did not save Marie from any peace. Dick's incompetence and despair without children brought Marie to the brink of collapse.
Maribe can be saved by the black home servant Mose, because Mose has brought vitality to Marie's life, Marie is attracted by the masculine spirit of Mose, and finds her father's love for her childhood. But in order to succumb to the collective rules, Marie gave up the opportunity for self integration and eventually led to a mental collapse.
Marie's spiritual collapse has its own cause and social responsibility. The separation is due to the separation of her imagination and reality. It also conforms to the internal cause of Ryan's schizophrenia. When Marie was a little girl, she thought of Britain, the place she had never been to, as her home, and then denied her true. Home; when Marie was 30 years old, she still imagined that she was only 16 years old and denied her true age; when Marie married, she fantasized that she could turn her husband into what she wanted, but failed. The separation between Marie's imagination and reality exacerbated her self splitting and eventually led to her spiritual collapse. Lane thought that Family and society are the two external causes of schizophrenia and the two external cause of Marie's tragedy. The disharmonious family atmosphere left a deep scar in Marie's heart, which led to Marie's lifelong self splitting. After entering the society, Marie was bound by the collective rules. Marie found it on Mose. At the time of self integration, she was forced to choose between collective norms and personal feelings. Marie chose the former and gave up the opportunity to achieve self integration. At the same time, Marie became the victim of the selfish group she was in. When she was murdered, all the members of the group chose to remain silent because they were harmful. The fear of murder is a shame to the whole community.
In short, the purpose of this thesis is to analyze the process and causes of Marie's schizophrenia through Ronald David Ryan's theory of schizophrenia. First, Marie's schizophrenia (or the "self splitting" in Ryan's theory) is caused by her existence uneasiness. Secondly, Ronald David Ryan believes that the causes of schizophrenia include two aspects of internal and external causes. The internal cause of Marie's schizophrenia is the separation of imagination and reality, and the external cause includes the family in which Marie is located and the society in which she is located.
【学位授予单位】：北京第二外国语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074
本文编号：2148786
[Abstract]:Doris Lessin, a British writer, involves a wide range of themes, of which schizophrenia is a frequent theme. Lessing's first novel, the hero Mary Turner in the weeds, has experienced a process of schizophrenia, the process and the famous modern psychiatrist, psychologist Ronald David. Ryan's theory of schizophrenia is consistent.
Ryan points out that all people are in the world from the beginning and are in the relationship with others, so they all have a common "existence in the world" existence state. This state has a great influence on the individual's spiritual development. Marit Nall's "existence in the world" has a great negative impact on her spiritual development. When she was a child, the disharmonious family atmosphere made her physically and mentally exhausted; when she entered the society, people judged her with the traditional concept of marriage, which made her bear great pressure of public opinion; after marriage, Marie's unhappy marriage also made her depressed.
In the novel, Marie suffered from the "uneasiness of existence" in Ryan's theory from an early age. Marie's unease came from missing parents' love, and her understanding of the misconception of the concept of "home" strengthened the feeling of unease.
Ryan believes that the experience of "existence uneasiness" experiences three kinds of uneasy forms. These three forms of unease can be used to explain Marie's behavior. Marie first suffered "swallowing uneasiness." Marie was born in a disharmonious family, father was an unresponsible wine ghost, mother only complained all day, Marie's childhood passed. Very bitter. In order not to be swallowed by this depressed family atmosphere, Marie took a defensive mechanism, that she split herself into "false self" and "true self". While keeping his "false self", Marie's "true ego" was in a state of repression. This split continued until Marie was more than 30 years old. Marie suffered from this time. In order to maintain autonomy, Marie turned himself into a "16 year old Marie" and ignored his true age, because 16 was the happiest period of Marie's life; on the other hand, she was the happiest time of Marie's life. In this way, Marie can be dressed up as she is 16 years old and can not be threatened by her autonomy, so that she can keep a good relationship with others. However, she feels the heart of her heart when she occasionally hears that her friends are so old and not married. It's very empty. It's because her "true self" is in a state of depression that has lost her ability to face reality. The reality has turned to Marie's exploding nature. Marie, too, has suffered "uneasy". In order to overcome this uneasiness, Marie hastily married Dick Turner to cater for the social tradition. But, this Field marriage did not save Marie from any peace. Dick's incompetence and despair without children brought Marie to the brink of collapse.
Maribe can be saved by the black home servant Mose, because Mose has brought vitality to Marie's life, Marie is attracted by the masculine spirit of Mose, and finds her father's love for her childhood. But in order to succumb to the collective rules, Marie gave up the opportunity for self integration and eventually led to a mental collapse.
Marie's spiritual collapse has its own cause and social responsibility. The separation is due to the separation of her imagination and reality. It also conforms to the internal cause of Ryan's schizophrenia. When Marie was a little girl, she thought of Britain, the place she had never been to, as her home, and then denied her true. Home; when Marie was 30 years old, she still imagined that she was only 16 years old and denied her true age; when Marie married, she fantasized that she could turn her husband into what she wanted, but failed. The separation between Marie's imagination and reality exacerbated her self splitting and eventually led to her spiritual collapse. Lane thought that Family and society are the two external causes of schizophrenia and the two external cause of Marie's tragedy. The disharmonious family atmosphere left a deep scar in Marie's heart, which led to Marie's lifelong self splitting. After entering the society, Marie was bound by the collective rules. Marie found it on Mose. At the time of self integration, she was forced to choose between collective norms and personal feelings. Marie chose the former and gave up the opportunity to achieve self integration. At the same time, Marie became the victim of the selfish group she was in. When she was murdered, all the members of the group chose to remain silent because they were harmful. The fear of murder is a shame to the whole community.
In short, the purpose of this thesis is to analyze the process and causes of Marie's schizophrenia through Ronald David Ryan's theory of schizophrenia. First, Marie's schizophrenia (or the "self splitting" in Ryan's theory) is caused by her existence uneasiness. Secondly, Ronald David Ryan believes that the causes of schizophrenia include two aspects of internal and external causes. The internal cause of Marie's schizophrenia is the separation of imagination and reality, and the external cause includes the family in which Marie is located and the society in which she is located.
【学位授予单位】：北京第二外国语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074
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