《小妇人》中体现的超验主义思想
发布时间：2018-07-29 15:38
【摘要】：自从1868年《小妇人》首次面世以来,在接下来的一百四十多年间这部小说从未曾停止过印刷出版,《小妇人》在美国乃至世界文学中的地位越来越重要。《小妇人》的作者路易莎·梅·奥尔科特在新英格兰地区长大成人,深受超验主义思想的影响,是一位重要的美国女作家。《小妇人》形式上是一部家庭日志,生动地讲述了马奇家四姐妹的成长故事。由于其复杂的文化情景和背景,一个多世纪以来《小妇人》被以现实主义、女性主义及成长小说等多重视觉进行了解读。本文试图从超验主义视角解读这篇小说,并发掘该小说中体现出的超验主义思想。 论文的第一章简略地介绍了超验主义,着重阐述了超验主义的基本思想,并探讨了这些思想对路易莎·梅·奥尔科本人及其代表作《小妇人》的深远影响。第二章详细阐述了超验主义自然观在小说中的体现。超验主义者宣扬人、自然与神的统一,认为自然界处处体现出神性,因此自然对人的精神能够起到使其复原的作用,与此同时,人在不同时期的不同心境也体现在自然的变化过程当中。小说中马奇一家不断从自然中获得安慰,马奇家四姐妹也因此而一直与大自然保持了和谐共处的关系。论文第三章着重阐述超验主义的个人观在《小妇人》中的体现。作为爱默生超验主义思想的拥护者,奥尔科特竭力在《小妇人》中塑造出超验主义思想所提倡的个体。拉尔夫·瓦尔德·爱默生在其随笔《论自助》中强调了做一名能够自助的个人的重要性。爱默生还指出个体需要通过与“依从”和“错误的一致性”相抗争,才能获得自助这一品质。马奇姐妹的精神之旅中都体现出了自助这一品质,尤其体现在大姐美格的精神之旅和小妹艾美对艺术的不懈追求过程中。论文第四章对小说女主人公乔这一角色进行了详细的分析,乔作为超验主义在《小妇人》中的代表人物拥有无限的人格魅力。超验主义思想既体现在乔的精神之旅中,又体现在她的性格之内。乔在其丰富的工作经历中一直坚持着自立自助的思想,这种思想也同样体现在她对写作的热爱和追求过程中。而乔对婚姻的选择则体现出她的个人主义和拥有自知之明的品质。论文通过对乔和小说作者奥尔科特性格特点相似之处的分析,对乔和其三姐妹关系的解读、性格的对比分析指出,正是由于超验主义思想赋予了乔独特的性格特点,她才能够成为十九世纪打破传统女性形象的典范。 通过对《小妇人》这部作品的细致分析可以看出小说作者奥尔科特受到了超验主义思想的深远影响。超验主义是美国文化形成时期的一个重要思想,它为十九世纪的美国学者和作家提供了一个全新地思想体系。因此奥尔科特可以被称为美国文学史上的一位重要作家,而她的代表作《小妇人》作为一部处处体现出超验主义思想的文学作品也在美国文学上占有一席之地。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of Little woman in 1868, The novel never stopped printing for more than 140 years, and Little Women became more and more important in American and world literature. Louisa May Alcott, author of Little Women, was in New England. Growing up in the Grand area, Deeply influenced by transcendentalism, she is an important American female writer. "Little woman" is formally a family journal that vividly tells the story of the growing up of the four sisters of the March family. For more than a century, Little Women has been interpreted in terms of realism, feminism and growth novels because of its complex cultural context and background. This paper attempts to interpret the novel from the perspective of transcendentalism and explore the transcendentalism thought embodied in the novel. The first chapter briefly introduces transcendentalism, emphasizes on the basic thoughts of transcendentalism, and probes into their profound influence on Louisa May Orco and her masterpiece, Little woman. The second chapter elaborates the embodiment of transcendental view of nature in the novel. Transcendentalists preach the unity of man, nature and god, and believe that nature embodies divinity everywhere, so that nature can restore the spirit of man, at the same time, People in different periods of different mood also reflected in the natural process of change. In the novel, the Macki family gets comfort from nature, and the four Mackie sisters always keep harmonious relationship with nature. Chapter three focuses on the embodiment of transcendentalism in Little woman. As an advocate of Emerson's transcendentalism, Alcott strives to shape the individual advocated by transcendentalism in Little woman. Ralph Wald Emerson emphasizes the importance of being a self-help individual in his essay on self-help. Emerson also points out that individuals need to struggle with compliance and wrong consistency in order to achieve the quality of self-help. The spirit journey of the March sisters embodies the quality of self-help, especially in the spiritual journey of the elder sister Meg and the unremitting pursuit of art by the younger sister Amy. Chapter four makes a detailed analysis of Joe, the heroine of the novel, who, as a representative character of transcendentalism in Little woman, has unlimited personality charm. Transcendentalism is embodied both in Joe's spiritual journey and in her character. In her rich work experience, Joe persisted in the idea of self-reliance and self-help, which was also reflected in her love and pursuit of writing. Joe's choice of marriage reflects her individualism and self-knowledge. Based on the analysis of the similarities between Joe and Alcott, the comparative analysis of the relationship between Joe and his three sisters, the author points out that it is because of transcendentalism that Joe is endowed with his unique character. She was able to become a model for breaking down traditional female images in the 19 th century. Through the careful analysis of Little woman, we can see that the author of the novel, Alcott, is deeply influenced by transcendentalism. Transcendentalism was an important thought in the formation of American culture, which provided a new ideological system for American scholars and writers in the nineteenth century. Therefore, Alcott can be called an important writer in the history of American literature, and her masterpiece, Little woman, as a literary work which embodies transcendentalism everywhere, also occupies a place in American literature.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2153149
[Abstract]:Since the birth of Little woman in 1868, The novel never stopped printing for more than 140 years, and Little Women became more and more important in American and world literature. Louisa May Alcott, author of Little Women, was in New England. Growing up in the Grand area, Deeply influenced by transcendentalism, she is an important American female writer. "Little woman" is formally a family journal that vividly tells the story of the growing up of the four sisters of the March family. For more than a century, Little Women has been interpreted in terms of realism, feminism and growth novels because of its complex cultural context and background. This paper attempts to interpret the novel from the perspective of transcendentalism and explore the transcendentalism thought embodied in the novel. The first chapter briefly introduces transcendentalism, emphasizes on the basic thoughts of transcendentalism, and probes into their profound influence on Louisa May Orco and her masterpiece, Little woman. The second chapter elaborates the embodiment of transcendental view of nature in the novel. Transcendentalists preach the unity of man, nature and god, and believe that nature embodies divinity everywhere, so that nature can restore the spirit of man, at the same time, People in different periods of different mood also reflected in the natural process of change. In the novel, the Macki family gets comfort from nature, and the four Mackie sisters always keep harmonious relationship with nature. Chapter three focuses on the embodiment of transcendentalism in Little woman. As an advocate of Emerson's transcendentalism, Alcott strives to shape the individual advocated by transcendentalism in Little woman. Ralph Wald Emerson emphasizes the importance of being a self-help individual in his essay on self-help. Emerson also points out that individuals need to struggle with compliance and wrong consistency in order to achieve the quality of self-help. The spirit journey of the March sisters embodies the quality of self-help, especially in the spiritual journey of the elder sister Meg and the unremitting pursuit of art by the younger sister Amy. Chapter four makes a detailed analysis of Joe, the heroine of the novel, who, as a representative character of transcendentalism in Little woman, has unlimited personality charm. Transcendentalism is embodied both in Joe's spiritual journey and in her character. In her rich work experience, Joe persisted in the idea of self-reliance and self-help, which was also reflected in her love and pursuit of writing. Joe's choice of marriage reflects her individualism and self-knowledge. Based on the analysis of the similarities between Joe and Alcott, the comparative analysis of the relationship between Joe and his three sisters, the author points out that it is because of transcendentalism that Joe is endowed with his unique character. She was able to become a model for breaking down traditional female images in the 19 th century. Through the careful analysis of Little woman, we can see that the author of the novel, Alcott, is deeply influenced by transcendentalism. Transcendentalism was an important thought in the formation of American culture, which provided a new ideological system for American scholars and writers in the nineteenth century. Therefore, Alcott can be called an important writer in the history of American literature, and her masterpiece, Little woman, as a literary work which embodies transcendentalism everywhere, also occupies a place in American literature.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
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