《法国中尉的女人》的后现代主义元小说特征

发布时间：2018-08-07 07:42

【摘要】：后现代主义一词起源于20世纪60年代纽约的艺术家和批评家的说法,并在20世纪70年代由欧洲理论家发展而成。作为一场先进的资本主义文化运动,后现代主义已经渗透到诸多艺术领域。后现代主义元小说自诞生之日起便异军突进,蓬勃发展,表现了后现代主义作家们为打破文学传统、实现文学革新而所做的努力。不同于以往文学现象的是,尽管元小说的创作十分繁盛,但是它却并非一个有着共同纲领的文学流派,而是由散布于西方国家的诸多后现代主义作家自发实践的结果。元小说的创作手法大都突破了以往的包括现实主义、现代主义在内的文学传统,极具创新性。为了解救后现代主义时期下的文学创作于困境,让文学创作重新焕发艺术的光彩,许多作家为了在小说的创作手法上进行卓有成效的革新,不仅大胆尝试了许多前所未有的叙述手法,而且赋予一些古已有之的叙述手法以新的鲜活的生命。约翰·福尔斯是英国最负盛名的后现代主义作家之一。《法国中尉的女人》是约翰·福尔斯最为成功的一部作品,评论界对其深刻的主题及实验性的写作技巧进行了详细探讨。在这部作品中,福尔斯以20世纪为视角叙述了一个发生在英国维多利亚黄金时期的爱情故事,引用了大量的历史细节,也被认为是一部历史小说。本论文借鉴后现代主义和元小说的理论成果,结合福尔斯的艺术创作观念,分析了《法国中尉的女人》中的后现代主义元小说的特征。论文主体分为四章。第一章概括介绍约翰·福尔斯和他的作品,同时陈述后现代主义文学的基本特征；以及国内外学者对于后现代性和元小说的研究,以及本文的研究意义和创新点,从而引出第二章中详细的后现代主义和元小说理论。第二章详细陈述元小说的定义、基本特点、标准等理论问题,深刻讨论元小说的写作特点,包括戏仿、拼贴、时间错位等特点。众所周知,元小说是后现代主义文学的一部分,因此本章对后现代性的理念及特征进行陈述和分析。后现代主义具有以下四个特点：从宏伟叙事的消失到深度模式的削平；从历时走向共时；文本间性；文学中心的转换—读者与解读。第三章是本文的主体部分,重点分析《法国中尉的女人》中的后现代主义元小说的特征。作者在《法国中尉的女人》中运用了置换、矛盾、虚实结合等颠覆传统的手法。三重结尾也是《法国中尉的女人》创作中的一大亮点,不同于传统小说的封闭式结尾,多重结尾映射了生活的各种可能性,从而反映了真实。此外,本章还将分析《法国中尉的女人》中叙事者的身份和叙事角度,全知全能叙述者通过其在空间、时间和心理方面的叙述打造了一个“真实”世界,而具有自我反思意识的元叙述者强调小说虚构性,打破了这种“真实幻觉”。穿梭在历史和现实之间的“我”进一步击碎了“真实幻觉”,通过过去与现在的并置反映了小说的虚构性。第四章总结了《法国中尉的女人》中的后现代主义元小说的叙事特点,并重申了后现代文学和元小说的写作风格。总之,《法国中尉的女人》作为一部具有代表性的后现代主义元小说,打破了现实与虚构的界限,体现了福尔斯对历史与文学关系的思考以及对当代小说创作的审美思考,不但为小说的发展注入了新的活力,也启发了人们对于历史和现实生活的思考。
[Abstract]:The term postmodernism originated from the views of the artists and critics of New York in the 1960s and developed by the European theorists in 1970s. As an advanced capitalist cultural movement, postmodernism has penetrated into many fields of art. The post modernist meta fiction has developed from the day of its birth and flourished. The development shows the efforts of postmodernist writers to break the literary tradition and realize the innovation of literature. Different from the previous literary phenomena, although the creation of the meta fiction is very prosperous, it is not a literary school with a common program, but the spontaneous reality of many postmodernist writers scattered in the western countries. As a result, the creative techniques of the meta fiction mostly break through the traditional literary tradition, including realism and modernism, and are highly innovative. In order to save the literary creation in the post modernist period, the literary creation reuses the brilliance of the art, and many writers have made great achievements in the writing techniques of the novel. The innovation not only boldly tried many unprecedented narrative techniques, but also endowed some ancient narrative techniques with fresh life.
John Fowles is one of the most prestigious postmodernist writers in Britain. The French Lieutenant's woman is the most successful work of John Fowles. The commentaries discussed his profound theme and experimental writing skills in detail. In this work, Fowles described one in Britain in the perspective of twentieth Century. The love story of the golden age of Vitoria, citing a lot of historical details, is also regarded as a historical novel. This paper, referring to the theoretical results of postmodernism and meta fiction, combined with Fowles's artistic creation concept, analyzes the characteristics of the post-modernism meta fiction of the French Lieutenant's women. The main body of the thesis is divided into four chapters.
The first chapter introduces John Fowles and his works, and presents the basic characteristics of postmodernism literature, and the research on postmodernity and meta fiction at home and abroad, as well as the significance and innovation of this article, which leads to the detailed postmodernism and the theory of meta fiction in the second chapters.
The second chapter details the definition, the basic characteristics, the standard and other theoretical problems of Chen Shuyuan's novel, and deeply discusses the characteristics of the writing of the meta novel, including parody, collage, time dislocation and so on. As we all know, the meta novel is part of the postmodernism literature. Therefore, this chapter describes and analyses the ideas and characteristics of postmodernism. There are four characteristics as follows: from the disappearance of the magnificent narration to the leveling of the depth pattern; from diachronic to synchronic; intertextuality; the conversion of literary centers - readers and interpretations.
The third chapter is the main part of this article, focusing on the characteristics of the postmodernism meta fiction of the French Lieutenant's woman. The author uses the replacement, contradiction, and the combination of virtual reality in the French Lieutenant's woman. The three ending is also a big spot in the creation of the French Lieutenant's woman, different from the traditional novel. At the end of the closed end, multiple ends reflect the possibilities of life and reflect the truth. In addition, this chapter will also analyze the identity and narrative angle of the French Lieutenant's Woman > narrator, and the omnipotent narrator has created a "real" world through his narrative of space, time and psychology, with self reflection. The meta narrator stressed the fiction of the novel and broke the "true illusion". The "I" between history and reality further shattered the "real illusion", reflecting the fictitious nature of the novel through the juxtaposition of the past and the present.
Chapter Four summarizes the narrative features of postmodernist metafiction in The French Lieutenant's Woman, and reiterates the writing style of postmodern literature and metafiction.
In a word, "the French Lieutenant's Woman", as a representative post modernist meta novel, breaks the boundary between reality and fiction, reflecting Fowles's thinking on the relationship between history and literature as well as the aesthetic thinking of contemporary novel creation, which not only inject new vitality into the development of the novel, but also enlightens people about history and reality. The thinking of life.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I561.074

【共引文献】