论加缪的中道平衡思想

发布时间：2018-08-20 13:29

【摘要】：加缪是法国著名的文学家和思想家，是存在主义作家的代表之一。1945年，他在第二次世界大战中反法西斯的斗争中荣获抵抗运动勋章。他将哲学思想和文学创作相结合，从尊重普遍人性与人的尊严出发，从讨论自杀出发，，到讨论杀人结束，先后推出了三个与人类命运密切相关的主题，用来探讨人类生存观。加缪的中道平衡思想是建立在“荒诞”和“反抗”两大主题的基础之上的。他的思想发展脉络大致为：荒诞—反抗—中道（有节制的反抗），力求达到矛盾两极的平衡。加缪在“反抗”这一主题中，加缪经历了从个体反抗到群体的反抗的思想质变，而中道是对他反抗主题的承接，指的是反抗的限度，即中道原则，用以平衡两极。各个脉络之中相互关联，相互贯通，相辅相成。人因意识到“荒诞”而产生了“反抗”，而反抗又应发展成为有节制、有限度的反抗，即中道。加缪是生长并沐浴在地中海的日光下的阿尔及利亚人。他的地中海思想以人道主义为最终归属。加缪承接古希腊思想，提出设立一个具有相对性的目标，而它的关键是节制、中道、平衡。加缪继承亚里士多德的思想，力图在充满暴力的世界里倡导节制思想。他在《反抗者》中不仅提出了反抗的概念，还承接了反抗即中道思想，中道一直贯穿始终并与其它概念相随。从他最初的《反与正》、《西西弗的神话》、至《正义者》、《反抗者》等作品无一不贯穿了他的中道思想。在《反抗者》这部书中加缪提出了他的“南方思想”，也称“地中海思想”。它是以古希腊思想之中的适度、节制、博爱即中道平衡为理论原则的。加缪试图用南方思想超越当代的虚无主义。其中心观点为：一切革命都是以反抗开始，以专制结束；革命是必要的，但还要有一定的限度和法则来防止革命陷入虚无主义与过度的暴力；革命应忠实并回归于它的起源反抗，建立在以节制、中道、平衡为原则的人道主义。人道主义是以尊重人的尊严和关注人类共同性为基础的。本文结合加缪的哲理散文、戏剧、小说、抒情散文等加缪的各个时期的不同作品来对加缪思想作全面的梳理。加缪是一个道德家，他思想的终极目标是人类幸福、社会和谐、世界和平。他的提出的自杀问题、暴力战争以及反极权的问题，至今仍是我们需要加以研究和完善。
[Abstract]:Camus, a famous French writer and thinker, was one of the representatives of existentialist writers. In 1945, he was awarded the Medal of Resistance in the struggle against fascism in World War II. He combines philosophical thought with literary creation, from respecting universal human nature and human dignity, from discussing suicide to discussing the end of killing, he successively puts forward three themes closely related to the fate of human beings, which are used to probe into the concept of human existence. Camus' thought of the balance of the middle way is based on the themes of absurdity and revolt. His thought development course is: absurdity-revolt-middle way (moderate resistance), strive to achieve the balance of contradiction and polarity. In the theme of "resistance", Camus experienced the ideological change from individual resistance to group resistance, and the middle way was the undertaking of his resistance theme, which refers to the limit of resistance, that is, the principle of the middle way, to balance the two poles. Each choroid is interrelated, interlinked and complementary. People realize "absurdity" and produce "revolt", which should be developed into moderate and limited resistance, that is, midway. Camus was an Algerian who grew up and bathed in the Mediterranean sun. His Mediterranean thought belongs to humanitarianism. Camus carried on the ancient Greek thought and proposed the establishment of a relative goal, and its key is moderation, middle way, balance. Camus inherited Aristotle's ideas and tried to advocate abstinence in a world of violence. He not only put forward the concept of resistance, but also accepted the idea of resistance as the middle way in the Rebellion, which runs through and goes with other concepts all the time. From his first works, the Anti and the right, the Myth of Sisyphus, to the just, and the Rebellion, all of his works permeate his midway thoughts. In the Rebellion, Camus presents his Southern thought, also known as Mediterranean thought. It is based on the ancient Greek thought of moderation, fraternity, that is, the balance of the middle way as a theoretical principle. Camus tried to transcend contemporary nihilism with southern thought. Its central point of view is: all revolutions begin with revolt and end with autocracy, revolution is necessary, but there must be certain limits and rules to prevent revolution from falling into nihilism and excessive violence. The revolution should be faithful and return to its origin and revolt, based on the principles of moderation, moderation and balance. Humanitarianism is based on respect for human dignity and concern for human commonality. This paper combines Camus' different works of philosophical prose, drama, novel, lyrical prose and so on to make a comprehensive combing of Camus' thought. Camus is a moralist whose ultimate goal is human happiness, social harmony and world peace. His questions of suicide, violent war and anti-totalitarianism still need to be studied and perfected.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I565.074

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