从生命哲学视角解读福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》

发布时间：2018-08-24 19:40

【摘要】：威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner,1897一1962)是二十世纪美国南方最杰出的小说家之一,他的作品以“那一块邮票般大小的土地”为背景,真实而深刻地反映了美国南方社会的文化和历史。《喧哗与骚动》是福克纳的第四部小说,同时也是他的第一部成名作。自从1929年出版以来,深受广大文学读者的喜爱。到目前为止,已有许多相关的研究成果从各种不同的角度对其进行了详细的解读,如从叙事学、阐释学、心理分析、后殖民主义、原型批评、女性主义等各个方面。但是很少有评论家从哲学的角度深入探讨福克纳所传递的合理的时间观,且大多评论仅局限于对个别人物的时间观的分析,而缺乏整体的把握。因此,本论文试图从生命哲学视角解读福克纳的杰作《喧哗与骚动》,深刻挖掘时间观对生命历程的影响。同时,本论文不仅从人物层面,而且从文体学层面包括文章的结构,以及语言的变异等方面全方位地展现福克纳是如何深受法国哲学家柏格森生命哲学思想的影响。全文共由五部分构成: 第一部分简要介绍福克纳和其主要的文学成就,对《喧哗与骚动》进行总体介绍,回顾该作品的国内外研究现状,并论及本文的可行性和重要性。第二部分主要介绍本论文的理论支撑点。在回顾生命哲学的发展历程,介绍生命哲学的集大成者—柏格森的哲学的同时,着重介绍本论文的理论依据,即柏格森生命哲学的核心内容—绵延说。第三部分运用柏格森的绵延理论从人物层面,着重分析小说中四个最具代表性的人物,即班吉、昆丁、杰生和迪尔西,阐述他们对待生活,对待时间的不同态度,从而剖析不同的时间观对他们人生的决定性影响。这四个人物中,班吉混淆现在和过去,昆丁沉湎于过去而无视现在,杰生无视过去却醉心于现在,这样的时间观使得他们三人处于极不平衡的绵延之中,从而导致了他们的悲剧生活。而只有迪尔西相信,现在中包含着过去,也孕育着未来,她勇敢地接受现实,不沉湎于过去。因此,只有她能够处理好过去、现在和未来的关系,处于平衡的绵延之中,从而拥有乐观积极的生活。第四部分主要从文体学层面出发,指出福克纳不仅在人物性格塑造上遵循着柏格森的哲学思想,而且在小说文体风格上也体现出柏格森的思想。首先是错置的时间结构,其次是语言的变异,这些艺术技巧都很好地反映出福克纳深受柏格森生命哲学思想的影响。第五部分为结论部分。结论指出福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》在人物思想意识(内容)和文体学层面(形式)确实受到柏格森生命哲学的影响,这也体现出福克纳的时间观:人们的过去、现在和未来三个维度其实是密不可分的。我们的意识和生活每时每刻都在改变,勇敢面对过去,学会适应变化,活在当下,走向未来,这样我们才会处于和谐的绵延之中,才会拥有美好的人生。如果拒绝变化,固步自封或者忽视其中的任何一个维度,都将遭受毁灭。最后,笔者给出了此研究可能存在的不足之处,并且对以后从事这方面研究的学者提出了一些建议。
[Abstract]:William Faulkner (1897-1962) is one of the most outstanding novelists in the twentieth century in the South of the United States. His works reflect the culture and history of Southern American society truly and profoundly with the background of "that piece of land the size of a stamp." Sound and Fury is Faulkner's fourth novel and his first. Since it was published in 1929, it has been well liked by many literary readers.
Up to now, many related research achievements have been interpreted in detail from various perspectives, such as narratology, hermeneutics, psychoanalysis, post-colonialism, archetypal criticism, feminism and so on. Most of the reviews are limited to the analysis of individual characters'view of time and lack of overall grasp. Therefore, this paper attempts to interpret Faulkner's masterpiece "Sound and Fury" from the perspective of philosophy of life, and to explore the influence of the view of time on the course of life. Faulkner is deeply influenced by the French philosopher Bergson's philosophy of life.
The full text consists of five parts:
The first part briefly introduces Faulkner and his main literary achievements, gives a general introduction to The Sound and the Fury, reviews the research status of this work at home and abroad, and discusses the feasibility and importance of this paper.
The second part mainly introduces the theoretical support point of this paper. While reviewing the development course of philosophy of life and introducing Bergson's philosophy, the master of philosophy of life, the theoretical basis of this paper, that is, the core content of Bergson's philosophy of life, the theory of continuity.
The third part uses Bergson's theory of continuity to analyze the four most representative characters in the novel, namely Bangui, Quentin, Jason and Dilcey, elaborates their different attitudes towards life and time, and thus analyzes the decisive influence of different views on time on their lives. In the past and in the past, Quentin indulges in the past and ignores the present, while Jason is obsessed with the present. This view of time makes the three of them in a very unbalanced continuity, which leads to their tragic life. Only Dilcey believes that the present contains the past and pregnant with the future. She bravely accepts the reality and does not indulge in it. In the past, therefore, only she can handle the relationship between the past, the present and the future well, in a balanced stretch, thus having an optimistic and positive life.
The fourth part, from the stylistic point of view, points out that Faulkner not only follows Bergson's philosophical thought in characterization, but also embodies Bergson's thought in the style of the novel. Firstly, the time structure is misplaced, and secondly, the variation of language. All these artistic techniques reflect Faulkner's deep love for Bergson. The influence of Sen's philosophy of life.
The fifth part is the conclusion. The conclusion points out that Faulkner's Sound and Fury is influenced by Bergson's philosophy of life at the ideological (content) and stylistic (form) levels of characters, which also reflects Faulkner's view of time: the past, present and future dimensions of people are inseparable. Every moment is changing, facing the past bravely, learning to adapt to change, living in the present, moving towards the future, so that we will be in harmony, will have a good life. And put forward some suggestions for scholars who are engaged in research in this field.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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