福柯身体思想视阈下的《云图》解读
发布时间：2018-08-28 06:50
【摘要】：作为当代英国文坛的一颗新星，大卫·米切尔（1969-）凭借其杰出的文学成就吸引了众多读者的广泛关注。其著作极具地理广度和历史深度，体现了作者对人类生存境况的深切关怀。《云图》（2004）被认为是米切尔最为人熟知的作品，一经出版便斩获了各种文学奖项。小说由六个看似独立却又联系紧密的故事组成，每个故事都聚焦于一位不同的主人公：公证人亚当、音乐家罗伯特、女记者路易莎、出版商蒂莫西、克隆人服务员星美-451以及牧羊人扎克里。虽然存在于不同的时空，但每位主人公的经历都展示了个体对外部世界强加秩序的反抗与拒绝。 近年来，西方文学界对《云图》的研究日趋兴盛，从互文性、叙事策略、乌托邦思想、轮回观、后人类现象等角度出发的小说评论已不鲜见。然而，在国内，对米切尔及其作品的研究还有待进一步发展，因为以往的成果多是关于米切尔本人或其小说的介绍性文章，系统深刻的学术性评论尚不多见。本文试结合福柯的身体思想探讨小说中权力机制对身体的刻写与规训以及主人公的反抗和自我塑造。福柯认为，身体首先是被话语权力书写的，“不正常的人”和疯癫便是事件化的话语书写的结果。其次，整个社会就如同全景敞视式监狱，控制和规训着身体，身体在此过程中变得驯顺而有用。但是，哪里有权力，哪有就有反抗。身体并非只是被动的权力客体，它也有着强大的颠覆力量，为身体的自我塑造创造了可能。 本文由五部分组成。 引言部分包括作家大卫·米切尔及其作品的介绍，小说《云图》的研究综述，福柯的身体思想概述以及本文的框架结构。 第一章主要分析小说中话语权力对身体的刻写，着眼于疯癫的身体、非异性恋的身体以及所谓劣等人种身体的生存境况。作为事件化的话语书写的结果，他们被排斥、被压迫，被奴役，甚至被屠杀。 第二章重点论述层级监视、规范化裁决和检查等规训策略在小说中的奥罗拉公寓和内索国是如何实施来规范人们的行为并维持其统治秩序的。在《云图》中，不管是奥罗拉公寓的老人，还是内索国的克隆人，都被限定在一个无所不在的监视和规训网络中，任何有悖于规范和法律的行为都会受到惩罚。在规训权力的控制之下，人们的身体都变得驯顺而有用。 第三章主要探讨黑奴奥拓华、克隆人星美-451和女记者路易莎是如何对外部世界强加秩序进行反抗并对自我的身体进行塑造的。带着一种永不言弃的精神，奥拓华不断尝试逃跑。尽管多次被抓回，但他从未放弃对自由的渴望与追寻。在德阿诺克先生和亚当的帮助下，他最终获得了自由身并成为一名水手。被纯种人奴役的星美-451逐步探索着公司制对克隆人循环管理的真相并将之公诸于众，使反抗的观念深入人心。通过对死亡的坦然接受，她摆脱了奴隶制对其身体的束缚，颠覆了与纯种人之间的主奴关系。路易莎通过别人的帮助和自我的努力揭露了海滨公司的阴谋，在其支持下的核反应堆并不像官方宣传的那样安全，而可能会摧毁整个加利福尼亚州。路易莎几乎付出了自己的生命，但她最终找到了铁证并推翻了石油大亨的压制。由此可见，尽管身体难以避免权力的刻写与规训，但它依然能够反抗并进行自我塑造。 结语部分是对全文的归纳总结，指出在《云图》中主人公的困境与挣扎在某种程度上象征着充斥着权力关系的现代社会以及人们的生存境况，身体在其中虽会被定义与规训，却也能反抗并完成自我塑造。在面对生活的挑战时，人们应该认识到积极反抗和自我塑造的必要性与重要性，，进而重塑更完善的自我。小说表达了米切尔对生活在充斥着权力关系的现代社会中人们的生存困境的深切关心。
[Abstract]:As a new star in contemporary English literature, David Mitchell (1969 -) attracted a lot of readers'attention by virtue of his outstanding literary achievements. His works are of great geographical breadth and historical depth, reflecting the author's deep concern for the living conditions of mankind. < Cloud Map > (2004) is considered Mitchell's most well-known work, once published. The novel is composed of six seemingly independent but closely related stories, each focusing on a different protagonist: notary Adam, musician Robert, journalist Louisa, publisher Timothy, clone waiter Star Mae-451 and shepherd Zakry. However, each hero's experience shows the individual's resistance and rejection to the order imposed by the external world.
In recent years, the study of Yuntu has been flourishing in western literary circles. Novel criticism from the perspectives of intertextuality, narrative strategies, utopian ideas, transmigration and post-human phenomena is not uncommon. There are few systematic and profound academic comments on the introductory articles in the novel.This paper attempts to explore the description and discipline of the body by the power mechanism and the resistance and self-shaping of the hero in the novel in light of Foucault's body thought.Foucault believes that the body is first written by the power of discourse and that "abnormal people" and Madness are events. Second, the whole society is like a panoramic open prison, controlling and disciplining the body, in which the body becomes tame and useful. But where there is power, there is resistance. The body is not only a passive object of power, but also a powerful subversive force, creating the possibility for the body to shape itself.
This paper consists of five parts.
The introduction includes the introduction of the author David Mitchell and his works, the research review of the novel Yuntu, the outline of Foucault's body thought and the framework of this paper.
The first chapter mainly analyzes the depiction of the body by discourse power in the novel, focusing on the existence of the mad body, the non-heterosexual body and the so-called inferior human body.
Chapter Two focuses on how the Orola Apartment and Nesso State, in the novel, implement the discipline of hierarchical surveillance, standardized adjudication and inspection to regulate people's behavior and maintain their ruling order. Anything that goes against the norms and laws in the video and discipline network is punished. Under the control of the power of discipline, people's bodies become tame and useful.
Chapter Three focuses on how the black slave Ottowa, the cloned human star Mae-451 and the female journalist Louisa rebelled against the imposition of order on the outside world and molded their own bodies. With a spirit of never giving up, Ottowa kept trying to escape. With the help of Mr. Arnock and Adam, he eventually gained freedom and became a sailor. Star Beauty-451, enslaved by purebred men, gradually explored the truth of the corporate cycle of human cloning and made it public, bringing the revolt into the hearts of the people. Louisa, through the help of others and her own efforts, exposed the coastal company's conspiracy to support a nuclear reactor that was not as safe as the official propaganda, but that could destroy the entire state of California. Louisa almost gave her life, but she finally found it. This proves and overturns the oppression of oil tycoons. It shows that the body is able to resist and shape itself, despite the inevitability of power writing and discipline.
The concluding part is a summary of the full text, pointing out that the predicament and struggle of the protagonist in Yuntu symbolizes to some extent the modern society full of power relations and people's living conditions, in which the body can be defined and disciplined, but it can also resist and complete self-shaping. The novel expresses Mitchell's deep concern for the plight of people living in a modern society full of power relations.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I561.074
本文编号：2208613
[Abstract]:As a new star in contemporary English literature, David Mitchell (1969 -) attracted a lot of readers'attention by virtue of his outstanding literary achievements. His works are of great geographical breadth and historical depth, reflecting the author's deep concern for the living conditions of mankind. < Cloud Map > (2004) is considered Mitchell's most well-known work, once published. The novel is composed of six seemingly independent but closely related stories, each focusing on a different protagonist: notary Adam, musician Robert, journalist Louisa, publisher Timothy, clone waiter Star Mae-451 and shepherd Zakry. However, each hero's experience shows the individual's resistance and rejection to the order imposed by the external world.
In recent years, the study of Yuntu has been flourishing in western literary circles. Novel criticism from the perspectives of intertextuality, narrative strategies, utopian ideas, transmigration and post-human phenomena is not uncommon. There are few systematic and profound academic comments on the introductory articles in the novel.This paper attempts to explore the description and discipline of the body by the power mechanism and the resistance and self-shaping of the hero in the novel in light of Foucault's body thought.Foucault believes that the body is first written by the power of discourse and that "abnormal people" and Madness are events. Second, the whole society is like a panoramic open prison, controlling and disciplining the body, in which the body becomes tame and useful. But where there is power, there is resistance. The body is not only a passive object of power, but also a powerful subversive force, creating the possibility for the body to shape itself.
This paper consists of five parts.
The introduction includes the introduction of the author David Mitchell and his works, the research review of the novel Yuntu, the outline of Foucault's body thought and the framework of this paper.
The first chapter mainly analyzes the depiction of the body by discourse power in the novel, focusing on the existence of the mad body, the non-heterosexual body and the so-called inferior human body.
Chapter Two focuses on how the Orola Apartment and Nesso State, in the novel, implement the discipline of hierarchical surveillance, standardized adjudication and inspection to regulate people's behavior and maintain their ruling order. Anything that goes against the norms and laws in the video and discipline network is punished. Under the control of the power of discipline, people's bodies become tame and useful.
Chapter Three focuses on how the black slave Ottowa, the cloned human star Mae-451 and the female journalist Louisa rebelled against the imposition of order on the outside world and molded their own bodies. With a spirit of never giving up, Ottowa kept trying to escape. With the help of Mr. Arnock and Adam, he eventually gained freedom and became a sailor. Star Beauty-451, enslaved by purebred men, gradually explored the truth of the corporate cycle of human cloning and made it public, bringing the revolt into the hearts of the people. Louisa, through the help of others and her own efforts, exposed the coastal company's conspiracy to support a nuclear reactor that was not as safe as the official propaganda, but that could destroy the entire state of California. Louisa almost gave her life, but she finally found it. This proves and overturns the oppression of oil tycoons. It shows that the body is able to resist and shape itself, despite the inevitability of power writing and discipline.
The concluding part is a summary of the full text, pointing out that the predicament and struggle of the protagonist in Yuntu symbolizes to some extent the modern society full of power relations and people's living conditions, in which the body can be defined and disciplined, but it can also resist and complete self-shaping. The novel expresses Mitchell's deep concern for the plight of people living in a modern society full of power relations.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I561.074
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本文编号：2208613
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