从权力话语理论角度解读《他们眼望上苍》中珍妮的自我重建
发布时间：2018-09-03 12:57
【摘要】：佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿，是20世纪非裔美国文学中最杰出的黑人女性作家之一，也是20世纪30年代美国哈莱姆文艺复兴时期的中坚力量。她的一生饱受非议，直到20世纪70年代才被学者们从历史的尘封中发掘出来，得到应有的重视。她被誉为当代美国黑人文学的先驱和美国黑人女性文学之母。20世纪许多著名的黑人女作家，如托尼·莫里森、爱丽斯·沃克等都深受她的影响。出版于1937年的长篇小说《他们眼望上苍》是赫斯顿的代表作。作为黑人文学史上第一部展示黑人女性自我意识觉醒的文学作品，这部小说具有里程碑式的意义。如今，这部小说不仅是黑人文学的经典，而且是20世纪美国文学的经典。 自20世纪70年代以来，国内外学者分别从不同的角度研究了这部小说，如女性主义、妇女主义、种族文化、黑人民俗以及成长主题等。本论文从米歇尔·福柯的权力话语理论角度，重新解读了小说主人公珍妮的命运。与祖母和母亲顺从受压迫的命运不同，珍妮不愿接受传统黑人女性的悲惨命运，而是勇敢地遵从自己内心的声音，努力冲破白人世界里权力话语的压制，寻找自我价值，最终获得自我重建。 除了引言和结论外，论文共分为四章。 引言介绍了佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿和小说《他们眼望上苍》，前人对《他们眼望上苍》的研究状况，以及本文的研究视角和理论基础。 第一章比较了小说中三代人的不同命运。外婆南尼生活在奴隶制的残酷压迫之下，被自己的白人主子强暴后诞下一个女儿，被迫流落他乡，独自将女儿抚养长大。妈妈丽菲是个混血儿，在十七岁的时候遭人奸污，从此变得神志不清。女儿珍妮是这部小说的主人公，从小由外婆抚养长大，身上担负着外婆的所有希望。当她意识到自己是两次强暴的产物时，决心不再重蹈她们悲剧的覆辙，去寻找新的生活和新的自我。珍妮勇敢地抵抗了白人世界里权力话语的压制并获得了胜利，为所有的黑人女性树立了榜样。 第二章分析了珍妮在白人权力话语世界中的无助。十六岁的珍妮嫁给了一个自己并不爱的名叫洛根的老头，她听从南尼的劝说，压抑自己的内心渴望，，做一个知足的妻子。在第一次婚姻中，洛根要求珍妮成为为他干活的驯服的骡子，服从自己的命令。珍妮努力扮演着骡子的角色，直到乔迪的出现给珍妮带来了遥远地平线的新希望。她与乔迪的私奔宣告了第一次婚姻的结束。第二次婚姻中，富有的黑人企业家乔迪令珍妮过上了上等人的生活但是却视珍妮为漂亮的玩偶，自己的财产和附属物。在受到权力话语压迫的过程中，珍妮的自我意识开始萌发。 第三章阐述了面对权力话语的压制，珍妮自我意识的觉醒。福柯认为，权力内部压迫与抵抗共存，并相互作用。珍妮不甘沦为权力话语压迫的对象，她开始逐渐摆脱外婆南尼的影响，挑战洛根的权威，抗拒乔迪对自己的主宰，勇敢遵从自己内心的声音，追求精神的独立和自我价值的实现。 第四章论述了珍妮的自我重建。她与第三任丈夫甜点心的婚姻结合是符合自己内心声音的决定。在法庭上为自己的成功辩护也充分体现了珍妮已经成长为独立的黑人女性，能够发出自己的声音。回到伊顿维尔小镇，珍妮平静地向好友讲述了自己的经历，她终于顽强地打破了权力话语的压制，实现了自我重建。 结论部分综述了全文。福柯对权力话语的探究引发了本文作者对小说《他们眼望上苍》中非裔女性命运的思考。非裔女性处在白人的权力话语世界之中，对权力话语的顺从导致她们无法实现自我价值。然而，主人公珍妮内心渴望自我实现和自我肯定，她勇敢抵抗权力话语的压制并最终实现了自我重建，并为广大非裔女性走出窘境，掌握自己的命运，实现人生价值提供了启示。
[Abstract]:Zola Neil Hurston is one of the most outstanding black female writers in African American literature in the 20th century and the backbone of the Harlem Renaissance in the 1930s. Her life was criticized until the 1970s, when scholars discovered her from the dust of history and got the attention she deserved. She was praised as a "worthy woman". The pioneer of contemporary black American literature and the mother of black American women's literature. Many famous black women writers in the 20th century, such as Tony Morrison, Alice Walker and so on, were deeply influenced by her. The novel "They See God" published in 1937 is Hurston's masterpiece. As the first exhibition of black women's self in the history of black literature. Awakening literature, this novel has a landmark significance. Today, this novel is not only a classic of black literature, but also the classic of 20th century American literature.
Since the 1970s, scholars at home and abroad have studied the novel from different perspectives, such as feminism, feminism, racial culture, black folklore, and the theme of growth. This paper, from the perspective of Michelle Foucault's theory of power discourse, re-interprets the fate of Jenny, the heroine of the novel, and her grandmother's submission to oppression. The fate of Jenny is different. Instead of accepting the tragic fate of the traditional black women, Jenny bravely obeys her inner voice and tries to break through the oppression of power discourse in the white world to find her own value and finally to rebuild herself.
Besides the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is divided into four chapters.
The introduction introduces Zola Neil Hurston and the novel "They Look Up at God". The previous studies on "They Look Up at God". The research perspectives and theoretical basis of this paper are also introduced.
The first chapter compares the different fates of three generations in the novel.Grandmother Nanny lives under the cruel oppression of slavery, is raped by her own white master, gives birth to a daughter, is forced to exile and raise her daughter alone.Her mother, Lifei, is a mixed-race child, was raped at the age of seventeen, and then becomes unconscious. When she realized that she was the product of two rapes, she decided not to repeat their tragic mistakes, to find a new life and a new self. Jenny bravely resisted the oppression of power discourse in the white world and won. Li has set an example for all black women.
The second chapter analyzes Jenny's helplessness in the white power discourse world. Sixteen-year-old Jenny marries an old man named Logan who she does not love. She obeys Nanny's advice, suppresses her inner desire and becomes a contented wife. Her orders. Jenny tried to play the role of a mule until Jody's appearance brought new hope to Jenny's distant horizon. Her elopement with Jody declared the end of her first marriage. In the process of being oppressed by the discourse of power, Jenny's self-consciousness began to germinate.
Chapter Three expounds the awakening of Jenny's self-consciousness in the face of the oppression of power discourse. Foucault holds that oppression and resistance coexist within power and interact with each other. Jenny refuses to become the object of oppression of power discourse. She gradually gets rid of Grandma Nanny's influence, challenges Logan's authority, resists Jody's domination of herself and bravely obeys herself. The inner voice seeks the independence of spirit and the realization of self worth.
Chapter Four deals with Jenny's self-renewal. Her marriage to her third husband's dessert was a decision that matched her inner voice. After describing her own experience, she finally stubbornly broke the suppression of power discourse and realized her self reconstruction.
Foucault's exploration of power discourse leads to the author's reflections on the fate of African-American women in the novel They See God. African-American women are in the white power discourse world, and their obedience to power discourse makes them unable to realize their self-worth. And self-affirmation, she bravely resists the oppression of power discourse and finally realizes self-reconstruction, and provides inspiration for the majority of African-American women to get out of the predicament, master their own destiny and realize the value of life.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2220040
[Abstract]:Zola Neil Hurston is one of the most outstanding black female writers in African American literature in the 20th century and the backbone of the Harlem Renaissance in the 1930s. Her life was criticized until the 1970s, when scholars discovered her from the dust of history and got the attention she deserved. She was praised as a "worthy woman". The pioneer of contemporary black American literature and the mother of black American women's literature. Many famous black women writers in the 20th century, such as Tony Morrison, Alice Walker and so on, were deeply influenced by her. The novel "They See God" published in 1937 is Hurston's masterpiece. As the first exhibition of black women's self in the history of black literature. Awakening literature, this novel has a landmark significance. Today, this novel is not only a classic of black literature, but also the classic of 20th century American literature.
Since the 1970s, scholars at home and abroad have studied the novel from different perspectives, such as feminism, feminism, racial culture, black folklore, and the theme of growth. This paper, from the perspective of Michelle Foucault's theory of power discourse, re-interprets the fate of Jenny, the heroine of the novel, and her grandmother's submission to oppression. The fate of Jenny is different. Instead of accepting the tragic fate of the traditional black women, Jenny bravely obeys her inner voice and tries to break through the oppression of power discourse in the white world to find her own value and finally to rebuild herself.
Besides the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is divided into four chapters.
The introduction introduces Zola Neil Hurston and the novel "They Look Up at God". The previous studies on "They Look Up at God". The research perspectives and theoretical basis of this paper are also introduced.
The first chapter compares the different fates of three generations in the novel.Grandmother Nanny lives under the cruel oppression of slavery, is raped by her own white master, gives birth to a daughter, is forced to exile and raise her daughter alone.Her mother, Lifei, is a mixed-race child, was raped at the age of seventeen, and then becomes unconscious. When she realized that she was the product of two rapes, she decided not to repeat their tragic mistakes, to find a new life and a new self. Jenny bravely resisted the oppression of power discourse in the white world and won. Li has set an example for all black women.
The second chapter analyzes Jenny's helplessness in the white power discourse world. Sixteen-year-old Jenny marries an old man named Logan who she does not love. She obeys Nanny's advice, suppresses her inner desire and becomes a contented wife. Her orders. Jenny tried to play the role of a mule until Jody's appearance brought new hope to Jenny's distant horizon. Her elopement with Jody declared the end of her first marriage. In the process of being oppressed by the discourse of power, Jenny's self-consciousness began to germinate.
Chapter Three expounds the awakening of Jenny's self-consciousness in the face of the oppression of power discourse. Foucault holds that oppression and resistance coexist within power and interact with each other. Jenny refuses to become the object of oppression of power discourse. She gradually gets rid of Grandma Nanny's influence, challenges Logan's authority, resists Jody's domination of herself and bravely obeys herself. The inner voice seeks the independence of spirit and the realization of self worth.
Chapter Four deals with Jenny's self-renewal. Her marriage to her third husband's dessert was a decision that matched her inner voice. After describing her own experience, she finally stubbornly broke the suppression of power discourse and realized her self reconstruction.
Foucault's exploration of power discourse leads to the author's reflections on the fate of African-American women in the novel They See God. African-American women are in the white power discourse world, and their obedience to power discourse makes them unable to realize their self-worth. And self-affirmation, she bravely resists the oppression of power discourse and finally realizes self-reconstruction, and provides inspiration for the majority of African-American women to get out of the predicament, master their own destiny and realize the value of life.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I712.074
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