阿德勒的自卑理论之于文学的意义

发布时间：2018-10-08 18:18

【摘要】：阿德勒是个体心理学的创始人,他将自卑区分为自卑感和自卑情结,而自卑情结是其独创的概念。阿德勒认为每个人都有不同程度的自卑感,它对个体的发展具有积极地推动作用。然而,严重的自卑感却可以发展为自卑情结,它可以使个体产生精神疾病,甚至以自杀来获得肉身和精神的解脱。但是,深受自卑情结之害的个体,经人生的历练和生命的蜕变之后,自卑情结反而驱使个体不断向前奋斗,最终超越自卑情结,使生命得以升华。因此,本论文结合一些作家的生平经历及其作品,从文艺心理学的角度切入,对阿德勒的自卑理论之于文学的积极意义进行探讨。全文共分为五部分：绪论,主要阐述了阿德勒自卑理论之于文学的可行性,分析了自卑理论的国内外研究现状,以及本论文的主要研究方法与内容,最后分析了此研究可能具有的学术价值和现实意义。第一章概述阿德勒及其自卑理论的形成。阿德勒自卑理论的形成与其个人经历密切相关,是在批判式继承尼采、维亨格尔、达尔文等人的哲学和自然科学的基础上发展起来的。第二章从创作动机的角度论述阿德勒的自卑理论及其对作家创作的推动作用。首先,对阿德勒的自卑理论进行概述。其次探究阿德勒的自卑理论与文学创作主体创作动机的关联,即作家的自卑源于生活,有其产生的现实基础,如生理缺陷、性别歧视、社会经历等。同时,自卑刺激作家产生创作和表达的欲望,成为作家创作的动力。第三章论述阿德勒的自卑理论在文学创作过程中的升华意义。首先,将阿德勒的“自卑——补偿”的循环心理机制和弗洛伊德的“白日梦——补偿”理论进行比较,论述其异与同,并以十九世纪英国女作家简·奥斯丁为例来说明作家是如何在创作中实现补偿的心理需求的。其次,将阿德勒的自卑情结升华理论与弗洛伊德的“性本能升华”理论进行比较,他们的观点有很大的不同,并以史铁生为例阐释作家的自卑情结是如何升华的。第四章从作品本体论出发论述阿德勒的自卑理论在文学作品分析中的作用。本章运用阿德勒的自卑理论对文学作品中的人物形象进行分析。首先,阐释作品中的人物将内隐的自卑表现为反抗的自尊,法国作家司汤达的《红与黑》就是最好的佐证。其次,阐述作品中人物克服自卑的优越性心理追求,以简·奥斯丁的《曼斯菲尔德庄园》为例加以分析。结语,阿德勒的自卑理论之于文学有着非同寻常的意义,但是阿德勒自卑理论的缺陷也不容忽视,所以必须予以高度重视。
[Abstract]:Adler is the founder of individual psychology, he divides inferiority complex into inferiority complex and inferiority complex, and inferiority complex is its original concept. Adler believes that everyone has a different degree of inferiority complex, it has a positive impact on individual development. However, serious inferiority complex can develop into inferiority complex, which can cause mental illness, even suicide to obtain physical and mental liberation. However, the individuals who suffer from the inferiority complex, after the experience of life and the transformation of life, the inferiority complex drives the individual to continue to struggle, finally surmount the inferiority complex, so that life can sublimate. Therefore, this paper discusses the positive significance of Adler's inferiority theory to literature from the point of view of literary psychology combined with the life experience and works of some writers. The full text is divided into five parts altogether: introduction, mainly elaborated Adler inferiority complex theory to the literature feasibility, has analyzed the domestic and foreign research present situation of the inferiority complex theory, as well as this thesis main research method and the content, Finally, the academic value and practical significance of this study are analyzed. The first chapter summarizes Adler and the formation of the theory of inferiority complex. The formation of Adler's inferiority theory is closely related to his personal experience and developed on the basis of critically inheriting the philosophy and natural science of Nietzsche Vihenger Darwin and others. Chapter two discusses Adler's inferiority complex theory and its promotion to writer's creation from the angle of creative motivation. First of all, Adler's theory of inferiority complex is summarized. Secondly, it explores the relationship between Adler's inferiority complex theory and the creative motivation of literary creation subject, that is, the author's inferiority complex originates from life and has its realistic basis, such as physiological defects, gender discrimination, social experience and so on. At the same time, the inferiority complex stimulates the writers to create and express their desire, and becomes the motive force of their creation. The third chapter discusses the sublimation significance of Adler's inferiority theory in the process of literary creation. First of all, by comparing Adler's cyclic psychological mechanism of "inferiority complex-compensation" with Freud's "daydream compensation" theory, we discuss its differences and similarities. Taking Jane Austen as an example, the author explains how the writer realizes the psychological demand of compensation in her writing. Secondly, comparing Adler's theory of inferiority complex sublimation with Freud's theory of "sexual instinct sublimation", their views are very different, and take Shi Tiesheng as an example to explain how the writer's inferiority complex sublimates. Chapter four discusses the role of Adler's inferiority complex theory in the analysis of literary works. This chapter uses Adler's inferiority theory to analyze the characters in literary works. First of all, the characters in the interpretive works express their implicit inferiority as the self-esteem of resistance. The French writer Stonda's Red and Black is the best evidence. Secondly, it expounds the psychological pursuit of the characters' superiority in overcoming inferiority complex, taking Jane Austen's Mansfield Manor as an example. In conclusion, Adler's inferiority theory is of extraordinary significance to literature, but the defects of Adler's inferiority complex cannot be ignored, so we must attach great importance to it.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I106

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