自由的双重表达—存在主义视角解读《法国中尉的女人》

发布时间：2018-11-10 16:16

【摘要】：约翰.福尔斯是蜚声世界文坛的二十世纪英国作家。《收藏家》、《魔法师》和《法国中尉的女人》是其代表作。他的作品是哲学与文学的完美融合,是传统与实验的相互借鉴。哲学的智慧与文学的美感交相辉映,传统的趣味性与实验的新颖性相得益彰,让他的作品深受读者和评论家的喜爱。福尔斯在牛津大学求学期间,法国存在主义在文学界和哲学界风靡一时。他对萨特存在主义情有独钟,尤其是其中涉及自由的观点。如同萨特,福尔斯将自由观作为创作的至高原则,以自由的方式书写个人自由和文学自由。当实验主义在欧洲兴起时,英国作家要么回归传统,要么站在十字路口左右徘徊。实验作品因只注重形式和技巧,忽略作品的可读性而流于晦涩,传统作品因形式技巧山穷水尽而显得僵硬。福尔斯独树一帜,巧妙地将传统叙事和实验技巧相结合,给读者带来全新的阅读体验,给英国文坛注入新鲜的血液。《法国中尉的女人》是福尔斯的自由宣言,描述生存个体对自由的追求及作家和读者对自由的诉求,表达和传播自由的意识。从两个层面分析该小说的自由观,有助于全面认识作者的自由观,了解存在主义这股哲学和文学思潮,了解它所盛行的时代背景,包括当时大众的生存困境和心理困境,更重要的是,鼓励更多的人挣脱现实的枷锁,勇敢追求自由的曙光。本文共分为六个部分。第一部分是引言,介绍福尔斯的文学成就,尤其是本文所探讨小说的无与伦比的魅力,以及福尔斯创作的自由观。第一章是理论基础和文献综述,简要介绍存在主义自由和学者对该小说中存在主义自由的研究。第二章分析哲学层面上的自由表达。人与自然,人与人关系的异化阻碍了人的自由,但男女主人公敢于挣脱束缚,毅然作出一个个选择,一步步走向自由。第三章分析文学层面上的自由表达。当作家和读者都因为不自由而焦虑时,福尔斯大胆革新,在自由书写书写自由的同时,让读者也获得一定的自由。第四章探究福尔斯自由观的来源,即他对自然和哲学的热爱。最后一部分是对前文的小结,总结作者对自由的双重表达及其来源。
[Abstract]:John Fowles is a world-famous 20th century English writer whose masterpieces are the Collector, the Wizard and the French Lieutenant's woman. His works are the perfect fusion of philosophy and literature, and the mutual reference of tradition and experiment. The wisdom of philosophy and the aesthetic sense of literature are intertwined, and the interest of tradition and the novelty of experiment complement each other, so that his works are loved by readers and critics. French existentialism was popular in literary and philosophical circles during Fowles's study at Oxford University. He has a special interest in Sartre existentialism, especially the idea of freedom. Like Sartre, Fowles regards the concept of freedom as the supreme principle of creation, writing about personal freedom and literary freedom in a free way. When experimentalism rose in Europe, British writers either returned to tradition or lingered at the crossroads. Experimental works only pay attention to form and skills, ignore the readability of works and flow in obscurity. Traditional works are rigid because of the exhaustion of formal skills. Fowles is unique and skillfully combines the traditional narrative and experimental techniques to bring readers a new reading experience and inject fresh blood into the English literary world. The French Lieutenant's woman is Fowles's Manifesto of Freedom, which describes the individual's pursuit of freedom and the writer's and reader's desire for freedom, and the awareness of freedom of expression and communication. It is helpful to understand the author's view of freedom, the philosophical and literary trend of thought of existentialism, and the background of the prevailing times, including the plight of the masses at that time, and the psychological predicament of the people at that time. More importantly, encourage more people to break free from the shackles of reality, brave pursuit of the dawn of freedom. This paper is divided into six parts. The first part is an introduction, introducing Fowles' literary achievements, especially the unparalleled charm of the novel, and Fowles' view of freedom. The first chapter is the theoretical basis and literature review, briefly introduces the existentialist freedom and scholars' research on the existential freedom in the novel. The second chapter analyzes the free expression on the philosophical level. The alienation of the relationship between man and nature hinders the freedom of man, but the hero and heroine dare to break free and choose one by one and go to freedom step by step. The third chapter analyzes the free expression on the literary level. When writers and readers are anxious because they are not free, Fowles boldly innovates and frees the reader while writing freely. Chapter four explores the origin of Fowles' view of freedom, that is, his love of nature and philosophy. The last part summarizes the author's double expression of freedom and its source.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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