明初教坊制度考略

发布时间：2018-05-14 22:21

本文选题：明初 + 教坊制度　；参考：《文化遗产》2014年04期

【摘要】：宋元以来的雅俗之争直接导致了明初礼乐官署设置上的革新,即太常寺地位的下降和教坊司的升格,并将二者以祭神和娱人分,太常领祭祀雅乐,教坊掌宴飨朝会乐,辽金元以来乐署职司的冗杂与音乐的雅俗混杂乃肃然划一。在此过程中,教坊司正式取代太常,成为明初礼乐机构的核心。以教坊司为中心重建礼乐系统,自京师至地方,逐渐形成以"宫廷/藩府/州府——酒楼——勾栏——院"为一体的演剧场所,力图将乐工们自宋元以来形成的一应演剧方式都加以制度化,以置于朝廷严格的控制之中,成为朝廷礼乐制度之一环。于是,教坊司、太常司、钟鼓司具体职掌的变化及其地位的升降,富乐院的普及与丽春院的有无,南京御勾栏与十六楼的隆盛与衰微,都成为我们进一步发明有明乐制及其历史与精神意义的重要前提。
[Abstract]:The controversy over elegance and vulgarity since the song and Yuan Dynasty has directly led to the reform of the establishment of the official ceremonial office in the early Ming Dynasty, that is, the decline in the status of the temple of Tai Chang and the promotion of the teacher's office, and to divide the two parties into sacrifices and amuse people, to give sacrifices to the ceremonial music, to feast the music of the church, and to make a solemn and solemn mix of the miscellaneous and musical elegance and vulgarity of the music department since the Liao and Jin Yuan. In the middle of it, the teacher workshop formally replaced too often and became the core of the rites and music institutions in the early Ming Dynasty. The system of ritual and music was rebuilt at the center of the teacher's office. From the Peking teacher to the local, the opera house gradually formed a theatrical place of "court / vassal mansion / state - bar - bar - yard", and tried to institutionalize the play styles formed since the song and Yuan Dynasties. Under the strict control of the court, it became one of the ring of the Royal Court of rites and music. Therefore, the changes in the specific duties of the church, the Tai Chang division, the bell drum department, the rise and fall of its status, the popularity of the rich music courtyard and the existence of the Li Chun courtyard, the prosperity and decline of the Royal hook and the sixteen building in Nanjing, became our further inventions of the Ming music system and its history and spirit. The important premise of meaning.

【作者单位】：华东师范大学中文系;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金一般项目“明代乐学与曲学研究”(项目批准号:11BZW060) 全国高校古籍整理委员会项目“《明史乐志》及相关音乐文献之笺证”(项目批准号:0515)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：J809.2

【共引文献】