重复与差异：互文理论观照下的文学经典

发布时间：2017-12-31 08:44

本文关键词：重复与差异：互文理论观照下的文学经典　出处：《广西师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：西方后现代文学理论具有不同于传统文学理论的多元,开放,流变的特征。它的理论宗旨是对传统的形而上学理论进行颠覆与整合。在这样的理论发展趋势下,20世纪60年代末,法国著名文艺理论家克里斯蒂娃创造了“互文性”(intertextualite,或译“文本间性”)的概念,奠定了当代互文理论的基础。互文理论强调文本自身的互涉性、断裂性、不确定性和开放性,突破了静观、孤立、封闭的理论形态,具有较好的可操作性。因此,它在文学研究和文学写作中就扮演着越来越重要的角色,展示着自身的理论魅力。论文主体三章分别从哲学、诗学与文学三方面展开互文理论的题旨。首先,从德勒兹的“差异与重复”的命题探究互文理论的哲学原理。法国思想家德勒兹(Gilles Deleuze,1925-1995)被誉为“差异哲学家”,他的哲学名著《差异与重复》(1968)从尼采式的“永恒回归”的观念获取灵感,立足于差异性而不是同一性。以此审视世界万象,看到的是充满差异的多元性的宇宙,过去、现在和未来共生共存,交叠互渗。差异与重复的本质力量,意味着回归一个流动、嬗变和生成的世界。因此,德勒兹的“差异与重复”的概念可以从哲学上有力地支撑强调文本互涉、互阐、解构与重构的互文理论。德勒兹的命题是文学研究领域互文理论的重要哲学基石。其次,从希利斯·米勒的“小说与重复”的文学批评实践来探讨互文理论的诗学蕴含。美国耶鲁解构学派主要成员希利斯·米勒(J. H. Miller,1928-)是中国文艺理论界较为熟悉和关注的当代国际著名的文学批评家,也是西方解构主义思潮在美国的主要代表之一,他将德勒兹差异与重复的哲学概念与欧美文学批评实践紧密结合起来,在其诗学力作《小说与重复》(1982)对康拉德《吉姆爷》、哈代《德伯家的苔丝》等七部英国小说加以精彩的批评,理论上侧重区分了柏拉图式的同质重复与尼采—德勒兹式的异质重复的诗学意义,充分展示了德勒兹诗学的微妙影响和他论析文学文本的细腻特色。另外,在他的诗学观里还阐发了小说重复的三种形态,即微观重复,中观重复和宏观重复,从差异与重复的角度进行了小说诗学的阐释。第三,在互文理论的观照下,运用德勒兹差异哲学思维和米勒诗学观重新审视文学经典。互文理论对文学经典的观照,大致呈现出两个方向,一是作为批判文学经典的武器,互文性理论逐步与文化研究、解构批评、新历史主义相结合；二是作为诗学实践的工具,具体体现为对“重复”的实践以探寻差异性的力量。因此,互文理论可以引导我们对文学经典进行重新阐释。T.S.艾略特的《荒原》是互文性理论实验中“顺写”的经典。当代俄裔美国作家纳博科夫的小说名著《洛丽塔》充盈着重复和戏仿的元素,被公认是后现代叙事的重要标本。在西方互文理论视野中引入希利斯·米勒小说诗学的“重复”理论与德勒兹哲学“差异与重复”的美学命题,审视《洛丽塔》的“重复”、“戏仿”与“差异”的三个维度,能够启迪我们更为深刻地感悟后现代主义文学的特质,理解德勒兹哲性诗学强调差异性而不是同一性的思想力量,深化当代文学批评与文化诗学的理论意识。少数族文学、女性作家通过重写、逆写、改写多数族文学的正典,从而重复过去、现在以创造未来的新维度。因此,互文理论和文学实践所特有的差异性力量,不仅导致了文学经典的多样化解读,同时也挑战了传统的静观的诗学观念。人类的惯性思维模式被打破,构成文学世界的版图被不断重新排列组合,从而衍生出纷繁多姿的可能性。总括而言,互文理论充盈着差异哲学的力量,具有解构论诗学的蕴含与开放的文学空间。互文理论是人们对文学认识的深化,也是一种灵活开放的研究方法,它在内部批评和外部批评之间打开了通道,意味着文学范式的重要转型——强调用多维的、可逆的空间范式代替一维、单向的时间范式,从而与“辖域化—解辖域化—再辖域化”的后结构主义文艺美学观念“文心”相通,是一种富于当代学术意识的理论方法。
[Abstract]:Post modern western literary theory is pluralistic, different from the traditional literary theory of the open, rheological characteristics. It is the purpose of the theory of metaphysics to the traditional theory of subversion and integration. In 1960s the theory of this trend, the end of the famous French literary theorist Christiva created the "intertextuality" (intertextualite, or "text translation between") concept, laid the foundation of modern intertextuality theory. The theory of intertextuality emphasizes the interaction of the text itself, fracture, uncertainty and openness, through contemplation, isolated, closed form theory, has a good operability. Therefore, it is in the literature research and literary writing in the play a more and more important role, showing the charm of theory itself.
The three chapter from philosophy, poetics and literature in three aspects of the theme of the theory of intertextuality.
First of all, from Deleuze's theory of "differences and repetition" to explore the philosophy principle of intertextual theory. The French thinker Deleuze (Gilles Deleuze, 1925-1995) is known as "the difference of philosopher", his philosophical masterpiece "difference and repetition" (1968) from Nietzsche's "eternal return" concept and inspiration based on the difference not the same. In order to examine the world Vientiane, see is full of differences of the diversity of the universe, past, present and future of coexistence, mutual overlapping. The essence of power difference and repetition, means a return flow, transformation and generation of the world. Therefore, Deleuze's "difference and repetition" from a philosophical concept can effectively support the emphasis on intertextuality, mutual interpretation, deconstruction and reconstruction of the theory of intertextuality. Deleuze's proposition is an important philosophical foundation of literature research field of intertextual theory.
Secondly, to explore the theory of intertextuality contains poetics from Hillis Miller's "fiction and repetition" the practice of literary criticism. The main members of Yale School Hillis Miller deconstruction (J. H., Miller, 1928-) are more familiar with China literary theory and focus on contemporary international famous literary critic, one of the main representatives of Western deconstructionism in the United States Deleuze, he will repeat differences and philosophical concepts and European literary criticism practice closely together, in his poetic masterpiece "fiction and repetition" (1982) to Conrad Jim Hardy, < >, < >, Tess of the d'Urbervilles seven English novels to be wonderful criticism theory to distinguish the poetic meaning of Platon on the homogeneity and heterogeneity of Deleuze Nietzsche's repeated and repeated, fully demonstrated the characteristics of exquisite literary text subtle influence of Deleuze's Poetics and his other. Besides, in his poetics view, three forms of repetition are elucidated, namely micro repetition, meso repetition and macro repetition, and the interpretation of novel poetics from the perspective of difference and repetition.
Third, in the perspective of intertextual theory, the difference between Deleuze philosophy and Poetics of Miller to re-examine the classical literature. On the intertextual theory of literary classic, there are two directions, a literary classic is as critical weapon, the theory of intertextuality gradually and cultural studies, deconstruction criticism, New Historicism combined two; as Poetics practice tools, embodied in the practice of "repeat" to explore the power of the difference. Therefore, the theory of intertextuality can guide us to the classic literature was re interpretation of Eliot's ".T.S." is the theory of intertextuality wilderness experiment "write smoothly" classic. Contemporary Russian born American writer Nabokov the novel < > Lolita masterpiece filled with the elements of repetition and parody is considered a postmodern important specimen. The introduction of Hillis Miller's novels in the perspective of Western Poetics in the theory of intertextuality" Repeat "theory and Deleuze's philosophy of" differences and repetition "aesthetic proposition," Lolita Review > "repeat", "three dimensions Parody" and "difference", to enlighten us more characteristic of modernism literature profound comprehension, understanding Deleuze poetry emphasizes the difference but not the same the power of thought, deepen the theoretical consciousness of contemporary literary criticism and cultural poetics. Minority literature, women writers by rewriting, reverse writing, rewriting most literature canon, to repeat the past, now in order to create a new dimension in the future. Therefore, the difference of strength of specific intertextuality theory and literary practice, not only led to the diversified interpretation of classical literature, but also challenges the traditional concept of poetics. Contemplation of human thinking mode is broken, constitute the world has been rearranged, derived from numerous A variety of possibilities.
In general, the theory of intertextuality filling differences in the power of philosophy, with the deconstructive implication of poetic theory and the open literature space. The theory of intertextuality is deepening people's understanding about literature, but also a flexible and open research method, which opens the channel between the internal and external criticism, means an important transformation of literary paradigm -- emphasis a multidimensional space paradigm, instead of one-dimensional reversible, one-way time paradigm, and thus "territorializes - deterritorialising - re territorializes" post structuralism literary aesthetic concept of "heart" which is a theoretical method which is rich in contemporary academic consciousness.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I02

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