从隐形之诗到显形艺术——论马利坦诗学理论中的诗和艺术

发布时间：2018-02-21 14:38

本文关键词： 马利坦诗艺术智性　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2003年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 雅克·马利坦(1882-1973)是二十世纪法国著名的基督教美学家和文艺理论家、西方现代新托马斯主义思潮的主要代表人物。他在广泛吸纳西方不同时代众多思想家的理论精华的基础上形成了自己独特的文艺美学思想体系，尤其在有关艺术的发生与活动机制的研究方面马利坦的诗学理论具有着不容忽视的价值和意义。本文着重阐释马利坦诗学理论中的两个重要的理论命题——诗和艺术的独特含义及其彼此间的密切关系。准确辨析诗和艺术既是我们准确把握马利坦诗学理论精髓的关键，，也为我们进一步揭示文艺创造精神活动深层奥秘提供了新的角度和思路。全文共分三部分。论文第一部分从诗的构成、起源和本质三个方面剖析马利坦诗学体系中诗的内涵。马利坦认为诗是事物和自我的内部存在进行交流的一种原始隐秘的精神活动。从构成来看，诗包括事物和自我二元素。自我就是主体、主观世界；事物指客体、客观世界。事物和自我缺一不可，彼此牵连、互相渗透。从起源来看，诗是发生在人灵魂深处精神无意识领域的一种非概念、直觉的智性活动。从本质来看，作为智性活动的诗是对存在意义的诗性直觉的、同一性的、创造性的认识。论文第二部分从艺术的概念、本质和分类三个角度阐释马利坦的诗学体系中艺术的内涵与实质。马利坦认为艺术是人类一种创造性和制作性活动。从本质上来看，艺术是实践智性的自我完善，在这种智性活动中欲望驱动人的行动和创造，指向最终要形成的作品。从艺术分类来看，马利坦把艺术分为实用艺术和美的艺术两类，实用艺术满足人特定需要，是功利的；美的艺术是对精神自由创造性的释放，倾向于美，具有超越性和自由性。论文第三部分重点论述了马利坦诗学体系中诗和艺术的关系。马利坦认为诗和艺术尽管是隐形和显形两种不同的精神活动，但彼此之间却是相依相伴密不可分的。艺术和诗内在的和谐统一表现为：一方面，诗作为一种隐秘、原始的诗性直觉，需要艺术给隐形的诗赋形使之显形；另一方面，诗作为一种创造性直觉，渴望给出诗性直觉的表达的诗的本性必然使诗倾向艺术。所以，诗和艺术可以前后衔接，共同构成完整的文艺精神创造活动。此外，隐形之诗和显形艺术活动之间的关系还表现为隐形之诗对于显形艺术的超越。由于不受规则的约束，诗作为一种对存在意义的直觉性把握和欲望、对象无关，所以诗是绝对自由的，必然超越受规则制约的操作性的实践活动——艺术。
[Abstract]:In 20th century, Jacob Maritans was a famous Christian esthetician and literary theorist in France. On the basis of absorbing the theoretical essence of many thinkers of different times in the West, he formed his own unique literary and artistic aesthetic thought system. In particular, maritain's poetics theory is of great value and significance in the study of the mechanism of the occurrence and activity of art. This paper focuses on explaining two important theoretical propositions in maritain's poetics theory-poetry and art. The unique meaning of art and its close relationship with each other. Accurate analysis of poetry and art is the key to accurately grasp the essence of maritain's theory of poetics. It also provides a new angle and train of thought for us to further reveal the deep mystery of creative spiritual activities in literature and art. The first part of the thesis analyzes the connotation of poetry in maritain's poetics system from three aspects: composition, origin and essence. Maritain thinks that poetry is a kind of primitive and secret spiritual activity in which the internal existence of things and self communicate. Poetry includes two elements: thing and self. Self is subject, subjective world; thing refers to object, objective world. Things and self are indispensable, implicate and permeate each other. From the origin point of view, Poetry is a kind of non-conceptual, intuitive intellectual activity that occurs in the spiritual unconscious field of human soul. In essence, poetry as intellectual activity is poetic intuition, identity and creative cognition of existential meaning. The second part of the thesis explains the connotation and essence of art in maritain's poetics system from the three angles of the concept, essence and classification of art. Maritain thinks that art is a kind of creative and productive activity of human beings. Art is the intellectual self-improvement of practice. In this intellectual activity, desire drives human action and creation, pointing to the work to be formed. According to the art classification, maritain divides art into two categories: practical art and beautiful art. Practical art meets the specific needs of human beings and is utilitarian; the art of beauty is the release of spiritual freedom and creativity and tends to beauty with transcendence and freedom. The third part focuses on the relationship between poetry and art in maritain's poetics system. Maritain believes that poetry and art are two different spiritual activities, although they are invisible and visible. On the one hand, poetry, as a secret and primitive poetic intuition, requires art to shape the invisible poem; on the other hand, the harmony and unity of art and poetry are reflected in the following aspects: on the one hand, poetry, as a hidden and primitive poetic intuition, requires art to shape the invisible poem; on the other hand, Poetry as a kind of creative intuition, the nature of poetry eager to give the expression of poetic intuition is bound to make poetry incline to art. Therefore, poetry and art can be connected together to form a complete creative activity of literary and artistic spirit. The relationship between the invisible poetry and the artistic activity is also shown as the transcendence of the invisible poetry to the expressive art. As the poem is not restricted by the rules, the poem, as an intuitive grasp and desire of the meaning of existence, has nothing to do with the object. Therefore, poetry is absolutely free and must transcend the practical activity-art which is restricted by rules.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：I052

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