罗蒂与关系主义文论

发布时间：2018-03-29 14:18

本文选题：罗蒂　切入点：反本质主义　出处：《福建师范大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：语言观是罗蒂反本质主义的逻辑起点,它直接关联并决定其反本质主义、真理观、历史观、文学观、文化观乃至政治观等。罗蒂反本质的理论来源丰富,但论者对“历史主义”与“浪漫主义”之举足轻重未有足够认识。罗蒂反对与实在同构的真理“符合论”,但这并不意味着否定世界的存在,我们仍可作出确切的真假判断。罗蒂反本质主义之后走向了“泛关系论”、“关系主义”,这种关系式思维最重要的理论来源是结构主义。关系主义可以有效应对盛行的“相对主义”指责。关系主义不再钟情于总体性。布迪厄的理论与关系主义相互发明,又作出了重要补充。罗蒂较早指出(文学)理论是一种新文类,但却背上了“反理论”的恶名,伊格尔顿与萨义德等的此类批评均为漫画式的。罗蒂尤重理论的实用性,反对科学崇拜。文学教育不能低估文学理论,应在理论资源与中国问题相遇时复杂而曲折的情节上多下功夫。流行的审美价值与文学性皆与文学本质无缘,文学应该置于多种关系的网络中定位,文学的阐释亦是如此。但罗蒂打碎“使用文本”与“诠释文本”之间的疆界并将诠释仅仅归结为出于不同目的之使用又与关系主义相悖。罗蒂赞同布鲁姆对经典启迪价值的推崇导致其对文化研究存在偏见,而其根本原因是他与“文化左派”间有着严重的政治分歧。罗蒂重估现代主义宣告了对线性的、目的论式历史观的抛弃,这有助于我们反思以往的文学史写作。“后哲学文化”中的文学批评的主要方法是词汇的再描述,它以理解诸种事物怎样关联为要务,试图解开文化中纠缠的千头万绪。放弃对不变本质的追求之后,我们迎来的是文学文化,想象力是其进行救赎的惟一源泉。这种观点来自昆德拉,但与罗蒂的乐观相比,昆德拉较为清醒地指出了文学文化已经和正在遭受的侵蚀。这对罗蒂的论述起着拾遗补缺之效。文学文化中的知识分子是先锋不再的文化英雄,而其人文知识分子十一条显然又寄托着理想与厚望。在反本质主义的理论视野下,大写的乌托邦土崩瓦解。没了乌托邦,人们会更加务实,致力于“零星工程”。乌托邦退场后带来的并非悲观厌世,而是自信与坦然：所有我们对社会历史的想象都取决于关系的博弈。
[Abstract]:Language view is the logical starting point of Rorty's anti-essentialism, which directly relates to and determines its anti-essentialism, truth, history, literature, culture and even politics. But the theorists do not have enough understanding of the importance of historicism and romanticism. Rorty opposes the "coincidence theory" of truth which is isomorphic to reality, but this does not mean denying the existence of the world. We can still make a definite judgment of truth and falsehood. After Rorty's anti-essentialism, he went to "pan-relational theory" and "relativism". The most important theoretical source of this kind of relational thinking is structuralism, which can effectively cope with the prevalence. "relativism" accuses. Relativism is no longer attached to totality. Bourdieu's theory and relativism invented each other, An important addition has been made. Rorty pointed out earlier that the theory is a new genre, but it bears the notoriety of "anti-theory." Eagleton and said, and so on such criticism is comic-style. Against the worship of science. Literary education should not underestimate literary theory, but should devote more effort to the complicated and tortuous plot when theoretical resources meet with Chinese problems. The popular aesthetic value and literariness are not related to the essence of literature. Literature should be positioned in a network of multiple relationships, The same is true of literary interpretation. But Rorty breaks the boundary between "use text" and "annotated text" and ascribes interpretation to use for different purposes, contrary to relativism. Rorty agrees with Bloom's view of the classic. The reverence of enlightening value leads to the prejudice of cultural research. The root cause is that he has serious political differences with the "cultural left." Rorty's reappraisal of modernism declares the abandonment of a linear, teleological view of history. The main method of literary criticism in "post-philosophical culture" is redescription of vocabulary, which aims at understanding how all kinds of things are related to each other and trying to unravel the entanglement in culture. When we give up the pursuit of immutable nature, we usher in literature and culture, where imagination is the only source of redemption. This view comes from Kundera, but compared with Rotti's optimism, Kundera pointed out more soberly the erosion that literature and culture have been and are being suffered by. This has served as a supplement to Rorty's exposition. Intellectuals in literature and culture are cultural heroes who are no longer vanguard. And the eleven articles of its humanistic intellectuals are clearly based on ideals and high hopes. In the view of anti-essentialism, the uppercase utopia collapses. Without the utopia, people will be more pragmatic. Committed to "piecemeal engineering." Utopia's departure brings not pessimism, but confidence and openness: all our imaginations of social history depend on the game of relationships.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：I0

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