论报告文学的写人艺术

发布时间：2018-04-16 10:35

本文选题：报告文学 + 人物描写　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2001年硕士论文

【摘要】： 一、引言报告文学的写人艺术这一论题，涉及对报告文学这一文体本质的认识，也涉及对它的创作中心的认识。报告文学应视作一种文学样式，文学性、艺术性、审美性等是它的本质属性；写人应成为报告文学创作的中心问题。至于通过人物描写体现出来的所谓“理性”“理性精神”等，与人物描写本身并不相矛盾。这一论题还涉及当代报告文学作品的分类：一类是以事带人的，一类是以人带事的，还有一类足人事兼顾的。本文以论为主，述例以写人作品为主。二至五部分属于写人艺术的方法论，六至八部分属于性质论。二、凝聚于人物精神的闪光点报告文学写人应选取利突出人物的某种品质、某种性格，以此作为人物言行、人物命运的聚光点。即使是以写事付为主的报告文学，其中人物来去匆匆，也须表现特定的性格气质、精神品质。至于写人为主的报告文学，更须注意表现人物的性格特征，揭示人物的精神本质。然而，不能简单地狭隘地理解人物精神的“一致性”，好的报告文学作品中的人物往往具有精神世界的“丰富性”、“复杂性”、“变异性”。但是，“丰富性”的背后仍有单一的本质，人物性格的主导倾向对人物性格的质的规定性也是不容怀疑的。三、用细节凸显人物魂魄和形体报告文学写人要靠细节取胜，在这点上与其他新闻报道不同。新闻报道总是写概貌，写要点。报告文学以现实生活的细节取胜。然而同是写细节，报告文学与虚构性叙事文学又不甚相同。情节的作用,在虚构性叙事文学中比较大，在报告文学中却不是太大。报告文学的细节既是完全真实的，又是指通人物心灵的。细节有时是“大细节”“泛细节”的概念，成为事件或事件组合的代名词。四、探测人物幽深灵府注重人物心理描写是当今世界文学创作的一大趋向。我国报告文学创作也呈现出由写外在言行向写内心世界的转向。记录精神驱动力的轨迹应成为写人作品的一条线索。这条线索应是清晰可辨的；这条线索应该是发展的，并呈现出阶段性来。这种心理描写应是独特的，作家应从人物的心理流或意识流中择取富有鲜明个性色彩的部分，并与人物的言语、行动结合起来描写。这种心理描写还应是不避直白的；这种直白性一方面与该文体的政论性特点联系在一起，一方面又因作品各异其状。五、用背景衬托人物形象报告文学的背景上特定意义试概括为：一、自然景物，是为着透出一种抒情的诗意的氛围。二、场面描写，是指人物活动的具体环境。场面描写有时以现场速写的形式表现出来。三、人物关系，是为着展现人物成长和发展的历史。人物关系所形成的环境，有顺应人物生存和发展的同质环境，或曰良性环境；也有阻遏人物发展甚至扼杀人的生命力的异质环境，或曰恶性环境。更常见的是二者兼有的同质-异质环境，其中异质环境占有更大的比例。四、时代氛围，既指社会政治经济形势、社会意识形态的趋向，又指“小环境”中的“社会影响”。作家在观察生活和进入写作状态时总是注意从“小环境”中发观“大意义”。六、真实性——写人艺术的铁的律令真实性问题是报告文学的一个售点问题，20世纪50年代、60年代、70年代、8 0年代理至今日都有争论，争论的结果基本都是力主真实的言论占上风。报告文学的真实性意义试概括为：现象其实与本质真实对立统一，现象真实可以有不同的来源，本质真实可以从不同层面认识，生活真实与艺术真实有别。七。典型化——写人艺术的熔炼过程报告文学写人力倡摹真写实，，但光提这一点义远远不够。虚构性文学主张虚实相混（甚至完全虚构），报告文学主张选择。所谓报告文学的典型化就是选择生活中的典型人物和典型事例，也就是优选素材，优化表现形式，将生话真实提升为艺术真实。报苦文学选择典型，第－是依凭作家敏锐的目光，第二是详尽地占有材料，第三是对素材进行筛选、鉴别。提炼，恰当安置j精心布局。八、木色美——写人艺术的审美追末虚构性叙事文学的人物的“虚构”性质，决定了对人物作艺术处理时的高度“美化””叫I 化”“强化”．人物性格是相对完美的、报告文学的内奔的豆实性决定厂它的“本色美”。这种美源向生活按原型的原有状样、尺lrR表观出来；但又经过典型化的处理。真实、本巴的人物，若十经“美化”“n化”“强化”，百接移至虚构性叙不文学中可能“粗糙”了也但置诸报告文学中，则于平凡中见出特殊的美。本色美与更实性相给台，更显示作家心智的高超。九，结语孤在人类己进入新叶纪我们的报吉文学将更加关注“人”YJ问题，人道主义、?
[Abstract]:First, introduction
The topic of the writer's art of reportage involves the understanding of the essence of the reportage and the creation of it.
As a center of understanding, reportage should be regarded as a literary style, literary, artistic, and aesthetic is its essential attribute;
The writer should be the central issue of the reportage of the reportage. As for the so-called "rational" and "rational essence" embodied in the portrayal of the characters
God, etc., is not in contradiction with the description of the character itself. This topic also involves the classification of contemporary reportage works: one type is
Things take people, one kind is taking people with things, and there is a kind of foot personnel. This article is based on the theory, and the examples are to write the works of people.
The two to five parts belong to the methodology of the art of writing, and the six to eight parts belong to the theory of nature.
Two, the glittering point of the character's spirit
The writer of the reportage should select a certain quality, some character, as a character, and the fate of a character.
The spotlight. Even in the reportage based on writing, the characters come and go in a hurry.
Spiritual quality. As for the writer - based reportage, we should pay more attention to the character characteristics of the characters and reveal the spiritual essence of the characters.
However, it is impossible to simply and narrowly understand the "consistency" of the character's spirit, and the characters in the good reportage works often have
The "richness" of the spiritual world, "complexity" and "variability". However, there is still a single essence behind the "richness".
The dominant tendency of character character is also not doubtful about the quality of character.
Three, using details to highlight the soul and shape of the character
It is different from the other news reports that the writer of the reportage depends on the details.
Key points. Reportage wins the details of real life. However, the same is written in detail, and reportage and fictional narrative literature are not
The role of the plot is larger in the fictional narrative literature and is not too large in the reportage.
Detail is both completely true, and it refers to the mind of the person. The details are sometimes the concept of "big details", "general details".
A pronoun for a combination of events or events.
Four, detection of deep character Ling
Paying attention to the psychological description of the characters is a big trend in the literary creation of the world.
The turn of the inner world in words and deeds. The track of spiritual driving should be a clue to the work of the writer.
It should be clear and discernible; the clue should be developed and presented as a stage. This psychological description should be unique,
The psychological consciousness of the writers should flow or flow characters to select distinctive personalities of the part, and the figures of speech and action.
The description of this kind of psychological description should not be avoided; on the one hand, it is linked to the political characteristics of the style.
Together, on the one hand, they are different from their works.
Five, set off the figure with the background
The specific meaning of the background of reportage is summarized as follows: first, the natural scenery is a lyric and poetic atmosphere.
Two, the scene description refers to the specific environment of the person's activities. The scene description is sometimes displayed in the form of scene sketch.
Three, the relationship between characters is the history of showing the growth and development of the characters. The environment formed by the relationship between characters and the characters are in conformity with the characters.
The existence and development of the homogeneous environment, or benign environment; also have a heterogeneous environment of character development even stifle the repression of vitality,
Or malignant environment. More common is two both the homogeneity and heterogeneity of environment, the heterogeneous environment occupy a large proportion of four,
The atmosphere of the times refers to the social and political and economic situation, the trend of social ideology, and the "social influence" in the "small environment".
In observing life and entering the state of writing, writers always pay attention to the "great meaning" from the "small environment".
Six, the authenticity of the law -- the art of iron man
The question of authenticity is a point of sale of reportage, 1950s, 60s, 70s, 8
Today is 0 years agent to debate, debate results are basic for real speech prevailed. The authenticity of Reportage
The meaning of the phenomenon is summarized as: the phenomenon is in fact and the essence of the unity of opposites, the phenomenon can have different sources of reality, the essence of the real can
From different levels, the reality of life is different from the reality of art.
Seven. Typicality - the melting process of man's Art
Report writing and literature of human facsimile realism, but mention this point just enough. Fiction and literary ideas (very confused
To complete fiction), reportage advocates choice. The typicality of the so - called reportage is the choice of typical people in life.
A typical example is the optimization of the material, the optimization of the form of expression, the promotion of the truth of life to the truth of the art.
The writer is on - type, sharp eyes, second is a detailed possession of material, the third is the material for screening, identification.
Refined, proper placement of J.
Eight, the beauty of wood color -- the aesthetic pursuit of the art of writing
The "fictitious" character of the characters in fictional narrative literature determines the "beautification" of the characters in the art process. "Called I
The character is relatively perfect, the character of the reportage of the bean determines its "natural beauty".
The beauty of life to the source according to the original shape like prototype, ruler lrR apparent; but after processing typical. True, Bemba
If the ten is "beautified", "n" and "strengthened", it may be "rough" to move to fictitious narration.
But in the reportage, special beauty is seen in the ordinary.
Superb.
Nine, conclusion
When human beings have entered the new leaf, our newspaper Ji literature will pay more attention to the "human" YJ problem, humanitarianism,?

【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：I055

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