六大情感范畴的历史发展与逻辑关系

发布时间：2018-05-04 14:18

本文选题：优美 + 壮美　；参考：《文艺理论研究》2011年05期

【摘要】：迄今为止,人类艺术活动中的情感范畴主要有"优美"与"壮美"、"滑稽"与"崇高"、"荒诞"与"丑陋"等六种,它们的出现既有历史发展的必然性,又有逻辑演进的规律性。古代人的情感范畴主要有以和谐为基础的"优美"和"壮美";现代人在情感范畴中增添了以对立冲突为基础的"滑稽"与"崇高";而进入后现代以来,人类的情感范畴中又出现了以反和谐为基础的"荒诞"与"丑陋"。"优美"与"壮美"都以和谐为基本特征,但"优美"更偏于感性,"壮美"更偏于理性。前者隐含着感性的愉悦,并提供了向"滑稽"过渡的可能性;后者隐含着伦理的诉求,并提供了向"崇高"过渡的可能性。"滑稽"与"崇高"都以对立冲突为基础,但"滑稽"是否定式的,而"崇高"是肯定式的。"滑稽"中原来就有"荒诞"的成份,"崇高"中原本就有"丑陋"的内容,只是这两种因素在后现代得到了进一步的放大,并由量变导致质变。"滑稽"是主观的目的性暂时背离了客观的规律性,"崇高"是客观的现实性暂时压倒了主观的目的性。而作为"滑稽"和"崇高"的极端性发展,"荒诞"是主观的目的性彻底背离了客观的规律性,"丑陋"是客观的现实性完全压倒了主观的目的性。需要指出的是,从古代、现代,到后现代,人类六大情感范畴的出现不是相互更替的,而是彼此累加的。这显示出人类审美能力的不断增加,人类情感活动的逐渐丰富。
[Abstract]:Up to now, there are six categories of emotion in human artistic activities, such as "graceful" and "magnificent", "funny" and "lofty", "absurd" and "ugly". Their appearance has both the inevitability of historical development and the regularity of logical evolution. The emotional category of ancient people mainly includes "graceful" and "magnificent" based on harmony; modern people add "funny" and "lofty" based on oppositional conflict in emotional category. In the category of human emotion, there are absurd and ugly on the basis of anti-harmony. " Both beauty and beauty are characterized by harmony, but beauty is more perceptual and rational. The former implies perceptual pleasure and offers the possibility of transition to "comical"; the latter implies ethical appeal and provides the possibility of transition to "sublime". " "comical" and "sublime" are based on oppositional conflicts, but "funny" is negative, and "sublime" is positive. " There is an element of "absurdity" in "comical" and "ugly" in "sublime", but these two factors have been further magnified in the post-modern era and lead to qualitative change by quantitative change. " "comical" is that subjective purpose temporarily deviates from objective regularity, and "sublimity" is that objective reality overwhelms subjective purpose temporarily. As the extreme development of "farce" and "sublimity", "absurdity" deviates from the objective law completely, and "ugliness" is the objective reality which completely overwhelms the subjective purpose. It should be pointed out that, from ancient times, modern times to postmodernism, the emergence of six major emotional categories of human beings is not mutual replacement, but accumulation of each other. This shows the continuous increase of human aesthetic ability and the gradual enrichment of human emotional activities.
【作者单位】：山东大学文学美学中心;贵州大学人文学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“文明的结构与艺术的功能”(编号:07JJD751079)阶段性成果
【分类号】：J0

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