叔本华悲剧理论的现代性

发布时间：2018-05-05 17:02

本文选题：叔本华 + 悲剧　；参考：《中南大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文选取前人涉足较少的叔本华悲剧理论作为研究对象，试图从悲剧本体论、悲剧价值观和悲剧的审美自由这几个方面探讨叔本华悲剧理论的现代性。叔本华把非理性的意志确立为悲剧本体，他的悲剧理论高扬了人的主体性，关注人生，重视审美自由，凸显了现代性特征。全文分为三个部分。第一部分：悲剧本体论叔本华认为世界一面是我的表象，另一面是我的意志，整个世界都是意志的客体化。意志通过理念作为中介进入现象世界，艺术复制的是意志恰如其分客体化的理念，悲剧在艺术中位于最高峰，悲剧是意志客体化的最高级别。悲剧的深层根源就是意志，意志是悲剧的本体。悲剧本体的确立从三个转向上体现了现代特色：客观本体转向主观本体；上帝世界转向人生世界；理性至上转向审美至上。第二部分：悲剧价值观意志是非理性的，盲目的冲动，意志本体导致了人生必然的痛苦。把人类从苦海中拯救出来，叔本华指明了两条拯救途径。一条是艺术拯救途径，另一条是伦理拯救途径。艺术拯救只有暂时功能，伦理拯救才具有永久功效。悲剧兼具了这两种拯救功效。叔本华指出了悲剧拯救人生的价值和意义，但由他的意志本体论导出了他的悲剧因果悖论，同时悲剧关注的是人生的痛苦，艺术拯救萌芽出了现代审美本体观，以上这些使得叔本华的悲剧拯救具有了现代意味。第三部分：悲剧的审美自由审美自由必须具备主观和客观两个不可分割的条件，主观方面就是主体必须摆脱意志的束缚，成为纯粹认识的主体，客观方面就是观照的是意志恰如其分客体化的理念。审美自由产生的效果就是达到“无”的非理性自由境界。审美自由在主观方面的要求即主体自由升华为纯粹认识主体是悲剧发挥功效的必由之路；在客观方面的要求即理念的自由观照是悲剧鉴赏的唯一途径；审美自由产生的效果即非理性的自由生存境界也正是悲剧追求的最终目的。
[Abstract]:This paper selects Schopenhauer's tragedy theory, which has been involved in less, as the object of study, and tries to explore the modernity of Schopenhauer's tragedy theory from the aspects of tragedy ontology, tragic values and aesthetic freedom of tragedy. Schopenhauer established the irrational will as the tragic Noumenon. His tragedy theory raised the human subjectivity, paid attention to life, attached importance to aesthetic freedom, and highlighted the characteristics of modernity. The full text is divided into three parts. Part one: tragic Ontology Schopenhauer thinks that the world is my representation and my will on the other, and the whole world is the objectification of will. The will enters the phenomenal world through the idea as the intermediary, the art replicates the idea that the will is appropriately objectified, the tragedy lies in the highest peak in the art, the tragedy is the highest level of the objectification of the will. The deep root of tragedy is will, which is the essence of tragedy. The establishment of tragedy Noumenon embodies modern characteristics from three turns: objective Noumenon to subjective Noumenon, God World to Life World, rational supremacy to Aesthetic supremacy. Part two: tragic values Will is irrational, blind impulse, will the Noumenon led to the inevitable pain of life. Schopenhauer pointed out two ways to save mankind from the sea of misery. One is art salvation, the other is ethical salvation. Only the temporary function of art salvation can ethical salvation have permanent effect. Tragedy has both of these rescue effects. Schopenhauer points out the value and significance of tragedy to save life, but his ontology of will leads to his tragic causal paradox. Meanwhile, tragedy focuses on the suffering of life, and art salvation sprouts out the modern aesthetic ontology. All this makes Schopenhauer's tragic salvation modern. Part three: aesthetic Freedom of tragedy Aesthetic freedom must have two inseparable conditions: subjective and objective. The subjective aspect is that the subject must get rid of the bondage of will and become the subject of pure cognition. The objective aspect is to observe the idea that will is properly objectified. The effect of aesthetic freedom is to reach the state of irrational freedom. The subjective requirement of aesthetic freedom, that is, the sublimation of subjective freedom to pure cognitive subject is the only way to exert the effect of tragedy, and the objective requirement, that is, the free reflection of idea is the only way to appreciate tragedy. The effect of aesthetic freedom, that is, the irrational state of free existence, is the ultimate goal of tragedy.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：I01

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