韦勒克“批评的概念”的文艺学及批评学意义

发布时间：2018-05-19 09:47

本文选题：批评的概念 + 文学研究　；参考：《广西师范大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：论文旨在对雷内·韦勒克的文学批评思想做系统性的探讨。20 世纪西方文论批评多元化语境,新批评派的“以文本为中心”的理论核心确定并日臻完善的背景,现代主义文学创作表现出的“向内转”以及形式至上的创作实践,为韦勒克批评理论的产生提供了良好的环境和适当的时机。同时也造就了其批评观的辨证性、包容性以及强烈理论意识等特性。 “批评的概念”是韦勒克批评理论的核心和逻辑起点。因为他一贯主张概念的澄清和准确的定位是所有理论科学不断发展进步的前提和基础。他的批评理论,首先要解决的就是“文学批评”的概念问题。他界定的“文学批评”概念,从狭义上而言是指通过“阅读”和“鉴赏”而得到的评价性的理解和感悟;从广义上而言是指系统化、理论化的科学,从某种意义上说就是指文学理论或文学研究,是对于文学的一切构成因素而形成一套客观、真实、完整的理论构架。在界定了概念之后,还应当将批评放在整个文学研究的视域中来确定它的地位。韦勒克分别指出了文学理论、文学批评及文学史的特点及功能,三者之间密切联系构成了文学研究的三大板块。文学批评一方面联系着文学创作,另一方面又联系着文学原理,以文学史知识为背景,在文学研究活动中发挥着重要作用。韦勒克的批评理论构架包括方法论、对象论、主体论及批评实践等几大部分。“透视主义”方法是一种整体、辩证、深刻的文学研究方法,是他批评理论的出发点和对待一切文学问题的独特视角。批评的对象主要设置在作品文本之中,他主张的文学批评是立足于文本的“内部规律”研究;他并未反对“外部研究”,指出它们对文学批评有辅助和参照作用。文学批评的主体论是他通过对西方四大批评家——克罗齐、瓦勒里、卢卡契、英格尔登——的研究中总结出来的。韦勒克指明了批评家在文学活动中举足轻重的作用以及应具备的素养。韦勒克除了在理论上研究“文学批评”外,还通过具体的批评实践来验证并完善自己的理论体系,其中最有代表性的是对浪漫主义和新批评的批评。韦勒克的批评理论对西方20 世纪后半期的批评流派的发展以及批评家们的观点有重要的影响。同时,他在《文学理论》一书中将文学研究划分为“内部”和“外部”的观点对中国新时期出现的文学及文学研究“向内转”的倾向有促进作用;但他的观点在汉语语境下还是发生了变异,中国文学界的这场“转向”有自身的规律和特点。但可以肯定的是,韦勒克的批评理论思想对当代中国文学批评的发展有深刻的启发意义和借鉴价值。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to make a systematic study of Rene Willerk's literary criticism thoughts. The background of the "text-centered" theory core of the New criticism School is to establish and improve the context of the 20th century western literary criticism. The "inward turn" of modernist literary creation and the practice of formalism provide a good environment and an appropriate opportunity for the emergence of Willerk's critical theory. At the same time, it also creates the dialectical, inclusive and strong theoretical consciousness of his criticism. The concept of criticism is the core and logical starting point of Willerk's criticism theory. Because he has always maintained that the clarification of concepts and accurate positioning is the premise and foundation of the continuous development and progress of all theoretical science. His theory of criticism must first solve the concept of literary criticism. In a narrow sense, the concept of "literary criticism", defined by him, refers to the evaluative understanding and perception obtained through "reading" and "appreciation", and in a broad sense, to systematized and theorized science. In a sense, it refers to literary theory or literary research, which forms a set of objective, true and complete theoretical framework for all the constituent factors of literature. After defining the concept, criticism should be placed in the perspective of the whole literary study to determine its status. Willerk points out the characteristics and functions of literary theory, literary criticism and literary history. On the one hand, literary criticism is related to literary creation, on the other hand, it is related to literary principles. It plays an important role in literary research activities with the knowledge of literary history as the background. The framework of Weller's criticism theory includes methodology, object theory, subject theory and criticism practice. The method of "perspective doctrine" is a whole, dialectical and profound literary research method, which is the starting point of his critical theory and a unique angle of view to deal with all literary problems. The object of criticism is mainly set in the text of the work. His literary criticism is based on the study of the "internal law" of the text, and he does not oppose the "external study", pointing out that they are auxiliary and referential to the literary criticism. The subject theory of literary criticism is summed up by his research on the four major western critics, Croce, Valeri, Lucacci and Ingerden. Willerk pointed out the critical role of critics in literary activities and the qualities they should possess. In addition to studying "literary criticism" in theory, Willerk also verifies and perfects his theoretical system through concrete criticism practice, among which the most representative is the criticism of romanticism and new criticism. Willerk's theory of criticism has an important influence on the development of western criticism schools in the second half of the 20th century and the views of critics. At the same time, his view that literary studies are divided into "internal" and "external" in his book Literary Theory promotes the tendency of literature and literary research to turn inward in the new period of China. However, his point of view has changed in Chinese context, and the "turn" of Chinese literary circles has its own laws and characteristics. But it is certain that Weller's theory of criticism has profound enlightening significance and reference value to the development of contemporary Chinese literary criticism.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：I06

【引证文献】