原型理论与后现代语境下文学的文化批评建设

发布时间：2018-05-27 10:02

本文选题：原型 + 原型批评　；参考：《东北师范大学》2005年博士论文

【摘要】：原型批评是20世纪非常富有影响的文化批评流派。原型批评自20世纪二三十年代在西方产生以来,无论对文学批评实践还是对文学理论本体建设都做出了重要贡献。20世纪八十年代以来,国内学术界原型理论和原型批评的研究也取得了巨大成就。但是,我们发现,原型理论和原型批评的概念、定义、性质、特征等方面还有很多问题需要进一步梳理和辨析。进入20世纪90年代以来,西方知识界对传统的欧洲中心主义世界观念的批判性反思不断深入,跨学科的全方位文化研究也开始大规模展开,原型批评作为文化批评的特质和价值却尚未得到系统的总结和说明。本论文的宗旨即是在后现代语境下对原型理论的本质和价值给予重新认识,并以此为基础推进文学的文化批评理论的建构。本论文进行研究的理论基础是当下正在形成的文化整合理论。在后现代语境下,强调文化差异性的主张开始出现并逐渐成为批评家和艺术家在多元时代立身行事的价值基础。柯尔内·韦尔斯明确指出,“新的文化差异性策略的明显特征在于用多样性、多元性和异质去取代一元和同质。拒斥抽象、一般和普遍,而代之以具体、特殊和个别。通过强调偶然、暂时、无常、不确定性、转换和变化而实现历史化、情境化和多元化。”但同时,另外一些学者也已经看到,对偶然、暂时、异质和个别的过分推崇一旦走到极端,就难免把相对变成虚无。所以,今天的人们对二者的结合被给予了极大的关注。本论文的出发点是从重新阐释和理解“原型”、“原型批评”入手,在对这些基本的概念和范畴作出更为科学解释以匡正以往认识不足的同时,揭示“原型批评”作为一种文化批评的内在基因。本论文指出,理解“原型”,必须从以柏拉图等为代表的哲学领域、以荣格为代表的分析心理学领域和以弗莱为代表的文学批评领域入手,打破一切批评的栅栏,寻找“原型”的哲学、心理学和文学意义上的综合价值和共同特性。同时,还要看到“原型”具备两项基本特质,即无限共时性和恒久历时性。在纵向的历时性层面,“原型”向过去可以一直追溯到世界本原、人性本原、艺术本原这样具有哲学抽象意义的终极始点,向现在和未来延展,“原型”可以与任何一个业已存在或即将出现的具体事物相关。从横向的共时性层面来说,“原型”可以跨越所有认识领域、学科范畴、批评流派的樊篱,达成最广泛的交融互渗和对话沟通。正因如此,“原型”本质上成为荣格所强调的人类精神的家园,弗莱所强调的一切文学现象的最初程式,柏拉图等哲学家所强调的世界本原,以及神学家所强调的人身上的上帝形象的综合性概念。“原型”也由此成为人类文明和文化的基因,成为建构文化批评的基石。本论文的研究思路是在把原型以及原型批评置于后现代文化语境中进行重新阐释的同时,对后现代语境下的文化特点进行较为深入的梳理。总体来说,后现代文化强调分解与解构。我们在尽可能准确把握后现代文化基本特点的同时,力图揭示后现代文化
[Abstract]:Archetypal criticism is a very influential school of cultural criticism in the twentieth Century. Since its emergence in the West in 20s and 30s twentieth Century, archetypal criticism has made important contributions to both literary criticism practice and the construction of literary theory noumenon. Since the 80s of.20 century, the research of archetypal theory and archetypal criticism in domestic academia has also been obtained. However, we have found that there are many problems in the concept, definition, nature and characteristics of archetypal theory and archetypal criticism that need further combing and discrimination. Since the 1990s, the critical reflection of the traditional European centralism in the Western intellectual circles has been deepened, and the interdisciplinary and omni-directional cultural studies have been studied. The purpose of this paper is to reunderstand the essence and value of the prototype theory in the post modern context, and to promote the construction of the literary criticism theory of literature.
The theoretical basis of this study is the cultural integration theory that is now being formed. In the post-modern context, the claim to emphasize cultural differences begins to emerge and gradually becomes the value basis for the critics and artists to act in a pluralistic era. Colne Wells clearly points out that the "new cultural difference strategy" is obvious. It lies in the use of diversity, diversity and heterogeneity to replace one and homogeneity. Refusing abstract, general and universal, and replacing it with specific, special and individual. By emphasizing contingency, temporary, impermanence, uncertainty, transformation and change, it is historical, situational and pluralistic. But at the same time, some other scholars have seen, for chance, temporary, different. Once the extremes of quality and individual praise come to extremes, it is inevitable to turn relativity into nothingness. Therefore, today's people have been given great attention to the combination of the two.
The starting point of this paper is to reinterpret and understand "prototype" and "archetypal criticism", to make a more scientific explanation of these basic concepts and categories in order to rectify the shortcomings of the past, and to reveal the internal gene of "prototype criticism" as a cultural criticism. The field of philosophy, represented by La map, is based on the field of analytic psychology and literary criticism represented by Carl Jung, breaking the fence of all criticisms, looking for the "Archetype" philosophy, the comprehensive values and common characteristics in the sense of psychology and literature. At the same time, we also see that the "Archetype" has two basic characteristics, that is, the "Archetype". In the vertical diachronic level, the "Archetype" can be traced back to the original, the original nature of the human nature, the art original, and the ultimate beginning of the philosophical abstract meaning, which is extended to the present and the future, and the "Archetype" can be related to any specific thing that has existed or is about to appear. In the horizontal synchronic level, "Archetype" can cross all areas of cognition, discipline category, criticize the fence of the genre, and reach the most extensive blending and interpenetration and dialogue communication. For this reason, "Archetype" is essentially the home of Carl Jung's human spirit, the original formula of all literary phenomena which fry emphasizes, Platon and so on. The philosophy of the world, which the philosopher emphasizes, as well as the comprehensive concept of the image of God, emphasized by theologians. "Archetype" has become the gene of human civilization and culture, and has become the cornerstone of the construction of cultural criticism.
The research idea of this thesis is to reinterpret the archetype and archetypal criticism in the post-modern cultural context, and to make a more thorough study of the cultural characteristics in the post-modern context. In general, postmodern culture emphasizes the decomposition and deconstruction. We can grasp the basic characteristics of the post-modern culture as much as possible while we are as sure as possible. Map reveals postmodern culture
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：I06

【引证文献】