长江流域早期楼阁式佛塔形制特征

发布时间：2018-08-09 11:47

【摘要】：长江流域的早期楼阁式佛塔,已知的考古实物,有长江上游的四川什邡在1986年发现中国最早的佛塔画像砖;在文献记载中,有长江下游的江苏徐州一带笮融"大起浮图祠"。考古文物与同期的文献记录相近,均为楼阁式木作建筑。什邡画像砖佛塔明显源于古印度西北广为流行的高层佛塔,中国佛塔是在此基础上依据传统的楼阁式建筑而发展起来的。基于信仰观念引导宗教艺术的看法,汉代神仙好楼居的传统思想,使得犍陀罗佛塔得以比附仙人所居的木作高楼得以在中国安家落户。宗教信仰的类同性,其重要性,远在单纯型制模仿改造之上,或许正是这一原因,使得楼阁式佛塔得以在中国广为传播。另外,什邡画像中与佛塔并置的三宝柱被辨识出来,同时也构成上述观念的一个重要证据。作为早期佛教艺术的珍贵文物,什邡佛塔成为研究中国早期印佛塔型制演变、中国汉代神仙信仰以及佛教初传中国的重大问题之间相互联系的纽带。
[Abstract]:Among the known archaeological objects in the early pavilions of the Yangtze River Basin, Shifang, Sichuan Province in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, discovered the earliest pagodas in China in 1986. In the literature records, there is a "great floating temple" in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Archaeological relics and the literature records of the same period are similar, are pavilions of wood architecture. Shifang portrait brick pagoda obviously originated from the popular tall pagoda in northwest India, and the Chinese pagoda was developed on the basis of traditional pavilions. Based on the belief concept to guide the religious art, the traditional thought of the Xianghouju in the Han Dynasty made Gandhara Pagoda comparable to the woodwork tower inhabited by the Immortals to settle down in China. The homogeneity of religious belief is far more important than the imitative transformation of simplex system. Perhaps it is for this reason that the pagodas of pavilions are widely spread in China. In addition, the three pillars in Shifang portraits are identified alongside the pagodas, and constitute an important evidence of the concept. As a precious cultural relic of the early Buddhist art Shifang pagoda became a link between the study of the evolution of the early Chinese imprinting pagoda system the immortals belief in the Han Dynasty and the major problems of Buddhism's initial transmission to China.
【作者单位】：湖南大学中国语文文化研究中心;
【分类号】：J19

【参考文献】