论雅斯贝斯的悲剧学说

发布时间：2018-08-29 20:19

【摘要】： 雅斯贝斯作为存在主义哲学的奠基人之一，一直在努力地研究人的存在，认为悲剧是对存在本质的意识。其“终极境况”概念表述了人的生存的一种矛盾结构：有限与无限，挫折与超越的矛盾统一。生存的这种矛盾结构决定了生存的分裂性，亦即悲剧性。而其中，挫折和超越也正是悲剧的基本属性。雅斯贝斯的悲剧知识最关心的是真理问题，它向人们昭示了生存的真理，认为悲剧的“知”不仅是认识，同时也是生存的功能，是在超越中特有的一种解放，悲剧只是直面人生，，试图超越的自由意识的直观现象。存在以悲剧的形式展现在我们面前，我们通过它超越现实去寻求实际上不存在的所谓完善的真理，因而导致悲剧性。本文通过雅斯贝斯对希腊悲剧等6种不同的悲剧类型的阐述与比较，进一步分析了悲剧的诸形式要素以及对悲剧冲突而导致的必然性结局的认识，从而指明其超越悲剧的解脱，也就是悲剧中的解脱，以此来论证雅斯贝斯悲剧对人的存在之精神上也即审美意识上的影响。
[Abstract]:As one of the founders of existentialist philosophy, Jaspers has been studying the existence of human beings all the time, thinking that tragedy is the consciousness of the essence of existence. The concept of "ultimate circumstance" expresses a kind of contradictory structure of human existence: the unity of contradiction between finite and infinite, between frustration and transcendence. The contradictory structure of existence determines the splittism of existence, that is, tragedy. Among them, frustration and transcendence are the basic attributes of tragedy. Jaspers's tragic knowledge is most concerned about truth. It shows people the truth of existence. It holds that the "knowledge" of tragedy is not only cognition, but also the function of existence, and is a kind of liberation peculiar to transcendence. Tragedy is only an intuitive phenomenon that faces life directly and tries to transcend the consciousness of freedom. Existence is presented to us in the form of tragedy, through which we seek the so-called perfect truth, which in fact does not exist, which leads to tragedy. Through the elaboration and comparison of six different types of tragedy, such as Greek tragedy, this paper further analyzes the various forms of tragedy and the understanding of the inevitable outcome caused by the tragic conflict, thus pointing out its extrication beyond the tragedy. It is the liberation in tragedy to demonstrate the influence of Jaspers's tragedy on human existence spiritually, that is, aesthetic consciousness.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：I01

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