文学翻译批评标准探索

发布时间：2018-08-31 12:09

【摘要】：关于翻译批评标准的研究对翻译批评理论和实践的发展有重要意义。本文旨在讨论文学翻译批评标准，并在分析前人研究和借鉴认知理论的基础上尝试着建立了一个包含文本、译者和读者诸因素的文学翻译批评标准系统。从二十世纪八十年代至今，，对翻译批评标准的研究视野拓宽了，突破了传统的二元对立思维模式，研究视野不只局限于静态文本，而开始尝试在相关理论的指导下，重视与翻译有关的制约因素，动态地研究翻译批评标准。在国外，纽马克、奈达、贝尔曼等都对翻译批评作过理论探讨。但已有的研究具有以下两点缺陷：(1)不同的标准只侧重某一些因素，很少有一个同时涉及文本、译者和读者(包括源语和目的语读者)诸因素的标准。(2)尽管对翻译批评标准的研究越来越深入，视角越来越广，但并没能提出一个操作性强的标准来指导翻译批评的理论和实践。这使得翻译批评或者只注重技巧的推敲，或者忽略了翻译过程中重要的环节。针对翻译批评标准研究的缺陷，作者尝试建立了一个新的翻译批评标准体系。虽然英汉翻译和汉英翻译标准不尽相同，但在一定程度上具有共性。拟建的翻译批评标准系统就是建立在承认其共性的基础上的。这一系统包括：(1)基于读者反应的批评标准。这一标准从人类认知的角度研究读者反应，并借鉴奈达的“动态对等”，在此基础上提出“动态互动对等”，指出原文读者对原文形成的图像若能与译文读者对译文形成的图像达到互动对等，那么从读者反应角度来说，译文就是好的译本。(2)基于文本的并以得体作为最高标准的实用标准。同时探讨了这一标准涉及的三个重要参数：内容、形式、风格以及各个参数项下的子参数。本文分五章：第一章是简介；第二章是对文学翻译批评标准研究的回顾，同时指出其理论建树和缺陷，在此基础上提出新的标准系统；第三章讨论基于读者反应的批评标准；第四章探讨以得体为最高标准的实用标准，确立各项参数和子参数。第五章总结全文并指出研究中的不足之处和困难所在。
[Abstract]:The study of translation criticism criteria is of great significance to the development of translation criticism theory and practice. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the criteria of literary translation criticism and to establish a system of literary translation criticism standards based on the analysis of previous studies and cognitive theories. From the 1980s to the present, the research field of translation criticism standards has broadened and broken through the traditional dual opposites thinking mode. The research field of view is not confined to static texts, but has begun to attempt to be guided by relevant theories. Pay attention to the constraints related to translation and study the criteria of translation criticism dynamically. In foreign countries, Newmark, Nida, Berman and so on have made the theoretical discussion to the translation criticism. However, the existing studies have the following two shortcomings: (1) different criteria only focus on some factors, and few of them involve the text at the same time. (2) although the research on translation criticism standards is getting deeper and deeper, the perspective of translation criticism is becoming wider and wider. However, there is no operational standard to guide the theory and practice of translation criticism. This makes translation criticism either focus on technical criticism or ignore important links in the process of translation. Aiming at the defects of translation criticism standards, the author tries to establish a new translation criticism standard system. Although the standards of English-Chinese translation and Chinese-English translation are different, to some extent they are common. The proposed standard system of translation criticism is based on the recognition of its commonness. The system includes: (1) critical criteria based on reader response. This standard studies readers' responses from the perspective of human cognition, and draws lessons from Nida's "dynamic equivalence", and then proposes "dynamic interactive equivalence". It is pointed out that if the images formed by the original readers can achieve interactive equivalence with the images formed by the target readers, then from the perspective of the readers' reaction, Translation is a good translation. (2) text-based and appropriate as the highest standard of practical standards. At the same time, three important parameters involved in this standard are discussed: content, form, style and sub-parameters under each parameter item. This paper is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is a brief introduction, the second chapter is a review of the research on literary translation criticism criteria, and the author points out its theoretical achievements and defects, and puts forward a new standard system on the basis of which the third chapter discusses the critical criteria based on readers' response. Chapter four discusses the practical standard of appropriateness, and establishes the parameters and subparameters. The fifth chapter summarizes the full text and points out the deficiencies and difficulties in the study.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：I046

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