论艺术中的“高峰体验”

发布时间：2018-12-28 15:24

【摘要】：马斯洛是第三思潮的代表人物，其著述中的丰富内容与当代人的思想和生活有着十分密切的联系。他的人本主义思想的影响已大大超过了心理学的领域，特别是“高峰体验”理论，对于我们理解艺术创造和欣赏中的特殊心理机制有着很重要的启示。种种迹象表明，高峰体验只可能出现在经典艺术家的创造与经典文本的欣赏之中。尽管如此，并不代表高峰体验的价值是虚无缥缈、无法言及的，因为它也必定要经过一个过程。本文拟就高峰体验作动态描述与静态分析，对其在艺术创造与欣赏中的心理机制做出一个相对全态的展示，建构艺术与高峰体验(人)的双向关系。全文共分四部分：(一)何为“高峰体验”。纠正马斯洛定义中的悖论，从存在的角度突出“高峰体验”理论的意义获得性与超越性。并对其特征与动力机制进行分析，得出高峰体验既是人性的最高境界，同时也具有最高层次上的审美活动的性质。(二)艺术创造中的高峰体验。从卓越艺术家的高峰体验的感悟谈起，分析高峰体验在艺术创造过程中的心理发生机制、不同的实现形式及超常、超时、超我的性质。高峰体验具有超越无意识与意识之上的整合性的新质特征，同时也表明了其自身的两面性。作为“形而上的慰藉”，这种体验很少降临在人身上，但人们却能意识到这一境界的存在。所以在现实的艺术创造中，，高峰体验总是化作一种追求意识，激励着人们不断的追求技艺的纯熟、心灵的自由、人格的完满与灵魂的解放。(三)在艺术欣赏中通往自由的彼岸。首先分析欣赏中高峰体验的现实发生机制：隐含的动机、心理进程、心理效应与反思性特征；然后辨析高峰体验作为一种审美理想，使人重新活在思考与精神追求之中，其实是一种“纯粹精神”的崇高；最后分析欣赏中的高峰体验对艺术文本建构作用。(四)“高峰体验”的艺术人生意味。“高峰体验”理论归根结蒂探讨的还是人的问题，而实现人生的完满是人的问题的核心。在艺术中产生的高峰体验的意义，不仅在于使人在象牙塔内沉浸于美妙的审美体验，而且关键在于我们如何带着艺术的气质回到现实中来。此部分从生命的本性需要诗意化的生存和自由的创造意味着生命本身的伸展与超越两方面来加以论述。艺术中的高峰体验，不仅使人的生命力得到最大量的发挥，而且使人生带有诗意性生存的特点，使体验到生命本真存在后的人，依旧超凡脱俗。
[Abstract]:Maslow is a representative of the third ideological trend. The rich content of his works is closely related to the thought and life of contemporary people. The influence of his humanism has greatly exceeded the field of psychology, especially the theory of "peak experience", which has very important enlightenment for us to understand the special psychological mechanism in artistic creation and appreciation. All kinds of indications show that the peak experience can only appear in the creation of classical artists and the appreciation of classical texts. However, it does not mean that the value of the peak experience is illusory and inaccessible, because it has to go through a process. This paper intends to make a dynamic description and static analysis of peak experience, make a relatively full display of its psychological mechanism in artistic creation and appreciation, and construct a two-way relationship between art and peak experience (person). The full text is divided into four parts: (1) what is the peak experience. To correct the paradox in Maslow's definition, to highlight the significance of the "peak experience" theory from the point of view of existence, acquired and transcendent. By analyzing its characteristics and dynamic mechanism, it is concluded that peak experience is not only the highest realm of human nature, but also has the nature of aesthetic activity at the highest level. (2) the peak experience in artistic creation. Starting from the perception of the peak experience of the outstanding artists, this paper analyzes the psychological mechanism of the peak experience in the process of artistic creation, the different forms of realization and the transcendence, the overtime and the nature of the superego. The peak experience has the new qualitative characteristic of transcending the unconsciousness and consciousness, and also shows its dual character. As a metaphysical comfort, this kind of experience rarely comes to people, but people can realize the existence of this realm. Therefore, in the realistic artistic creation, the peak experience always becomes a kind of pursuit consciousness, which inspires people to pursue skill proficiency, the freedom of mind, the perfection of personality and the liberation of soul. (3) the other side of freedom in art appreciation. First, it analyzes the realistic mechanism of the peak experience in appreciation: implicit motivation, psychological process, psychological effect and reflective characteristics; Then it analyzes that peak experience, as an aesthetic ideal, makes people live again in the pursuit of thinking and spirit, which is in fact the sublime of "pure spirit"; finally, it analyzes the effect of peak experience in appreciation on the construction of art texts. (4) the artistic life meaning of "peak experience". In the final analysis, the theory of "peak experience" explores the human problem, and the realization of the perfection of life is the core of the human problem. The significance of the peak experience in art is not only to immerse people in the ivory tower in the beautiful aesthetic experience, And the key is how we bring the artistic temperament back to reality. This part discusses that the nature of life needs poetic existence and free creation means the extension and transcendence of the body of life. The peak experience in art not only gives full play to the vitality of human beings, but also makes life have the characteristic of poetic existence. It is still beyond vulgarity.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：J06

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