“君”字在汉日语中的意义变迁

发布时间：2018-01-01 06:04

本文关键词：“君”字在汉日语中的意义变迁　出处：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：日本与中国一衣带水,自古以来中日间交流的历史源远流长,不论是经济还是文化方面的交流都对两国的历史产生了深远的影响。"君"在古汉语中意义多,使用多,可以指君王,可以作为第二人称,但是到现在人们想起"君"字就觉得古韵十足,这与我们日常生活中使用时都是使用有其组成的固定单词居多,而且这些单词基本上都与皇帝有关,如"昏君"、"君臣"、"君主"等,在日常生活中很少会被单独使用有关。而在日语中,在汉字传到日本后,经历了历史的演变后,现代日语中的"君"字却并未像我国的"君"字一样使用变少,而是依然有很高的使用频率,如:做第二人称,指代你,或是接在姓名后表示敬意。同样一个汉字却在中国和日本却有着不同的演变过程,并未有人讨论过这个命题,但这其中的过程实在是很值得深究。因此,本文以探究"君"字在几个主要的历史时期的著名文学作品中的意义为研究对象,通过统计文学作品中出现意义的数量,来探究"君"字在两种语言中的大致变化过程。除了横向比较每个时期日语和汉语中的意义的异同点外,分别对日语和汉语的纵向变化过程进行梳理。在汉日对比的基础上,以求勾勒出"君"字在中日两国的发展变化过程。虽不能确定每个汉字在日汉语中的具体起源,发生每个变化的时间节点、原因等,但是通过对某一时期的文学作品的研究也可以从中略微窥探出其发展变化的轨迹。由于作者能力、精力有限,无法对每一部作品进行比较探究,因而只能挑选一些代表作进行讨论。由于"遣唐使"的频繁来往,带去很多中国的典籍,所以这一时期日本受到了中国很大的影响,因而本文以唐朝为主要节点进行时间划分,分为唐之前,唐朝,明清以及现代几个阶段进行分析,对应的日本方面的作品选择就选用时间节点大致相同的著名文学作品作为范本分析。唐以前时期的作品中,日语以《古事记》、汉语以《论语》和《史记》为范本进行分析。唐朝时期的文学作品中,日语方面使用的是代表了当时的文学造诣巅峰,也能充分代表当时语言特色的《源氏物语》一书,汉语使用唐朝的唐传奇小说和全唐诗。明清时期日语是以二叶亭四迷的《浮云》为主,夏目漱石的《三四郎》等作品为补充,汉语则选用的是四大名著,以《红楼梦》为主、《西游记》、《水浒传》、《三国演义》为补充。我们对现代语部分很熟悉,加之有很多专业且材料丰富的辞典,因而现代语部分以辞典的释义为基础进行统计,并结合文学作品进行分析,汉语使用莫言的《蛙》,日语用东野圭吾的《白夜行》。最后通过对以上的归类分析来梳理"君"字在日语和汉语中的发展轨迹,并分别对中日间的横向比较以及中日语种分别的纵向比较进行分析。通过对以上材料的分析归纳,在本文研究范围内,唐以前的中国文学作品中,"君"字意义和使用率都较高,在之后就在逐渐减少,日本的文学作品中则是呈现由少到多,再逐渐减少的规律,且所含敬意也随之下降的规律。而且从古至今,汉语和日语的意义相同部分也在呈现逐渐减少的状态,到现代语中,汉语和日语中只有"君主"这一意思是相同的。
[Abstract]:Japan has a long history in the daytime and China a narrow strip of water exchange history, since ancient times, both of the two countries in history has had a profound impact on the economic and cultural exchanges. "Jun" in ancient Chinese meaning, use, can refer to the king, as the second person, but now people think of the word "Jun" I felt full rhyme, and use it in our daily life are used with fixed words consisting of the majority, and these words are basically with the emperor, such as "King", "monarch", "monarch", in the daily life will rarely be used alone. And in Japanese, in the Chinese characters spread to Japan, the history of evolution, in modern Japanese word "Jun" but did not like the Chinese word "Jun" use less, but still has a very high frequency of use, such as: do you refer to the second person, or is connected to the name table In the same respect. One is in Japan and Chinese Chinese characters have different evolution process, has not been discussed this proposition, but the process is really worth studying. Therefore, this paper explores the word "Jun" in the famous literary works of several major historical periods in significance as the research object through the statistics, literary works in the sense of quantity, roughly changing course to explore the word "Jun" in the two languages. In addition to Japanese and Chinese comparison each period the significance of the similarities and differences, the longitudinal changes of Chinese and Japanese respectively. On the basis of combing Chinese and Japanese comparison, in order to outline of the word "Jun" in the development and changes in China and Japan. Although the process can not determine the specific origin of each Chinese characters in Japanese and Chinese, the time node, each occurrence of the reasons for the change, but through a period of literature research Can see the development and change from slightly out of the track. Due to the ability, energy is limited, can not be compared on each work, which can only choose some representative discussed. Due to the frequent qiantangshi ", bring a lot of China books in Japan during this period has been China the great influence of the Tang Dynasty as the main node of the time division, divided into before the Tang Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Ming and Qing Dynasties and modern stages of analysis, the corresponding Japanese works on the selection of famous literary works selected time node roughly the same as a model analysis. Before Tang Dynasty works, Japanese Kojiki in < > in Chinese," the Analects of Confucius "and" historical records "as the template for analysis. The Tang Dynasty literature, Japanese is used represents the pinnacle of the literary attainments, but also can fully represent the characteristics of the language at that time "The tale of Genji" a book, the use of Chinese Tang Dynasty Novels of Tang Chuanqi and Tang Dynasty of Ming and Qing Dynasties. In two Japanese pavilion four leaf fan clouds Natsume Soseki < < three or four >, > Lang and other works as supplement, while Chinese is the selection of the four masterpiece, with "a dream of Red Mansions", "journey to the West < >, < > Water Margin, Three Kingdoms > is added. We are familiar with modern language, and there are a lot of professional and rich materials and modern Chinese dictionary, part of the dictionary interpretation based on statistics, combined with literature analysis, the use of Chinese Mo Yan < > by Keigo Higashino Rana, Japanese" white night. By the end of the above classification analysis to sort out the word "Jun" in the development of Japanese and Chinese, and were on the day as well as the comparison of Sino Japanese language are longitudinal comparison analysis. Through the analysis of the above materials summarized, in this paper fan Wai, before the Tang Dynasty Chinese literary works, "gentleman" word meaning and usage are higher, after gradually decreased in the Japanese literature is from less to more, and then gradually reduced, and contained respect also decreased the law. But since ancient times, meaning the same part Chinese and Japanese are gradually reduced in the presentation of the state, to the modern Chinese and Japanese language, only the "monarchy" mean the same thing.

【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H36;H12

【参考文献】