词汇阻遏:变异语用学的视角

发布时间：2018-01-07 17:12

本文关键词：词汇阻遏:变异语用学的视角　出处：《语言教学与研究》2014年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：阻遏现象是语言学重要的研究课题之一。某个词项的存在阻止了另一个词项的构成或使用称为词汇阻遏。被阻遏的词项可能是基于形态规则的潜在词项,也可能是按照能产性规则构成的既存词项。前一种阻遏被称为形态阻遏,后一种被称为语用阻遏。具体词项对释义性表述的阻遏不是词汇阻遏。在语言使用中,没有一条语言规则是没有例外的,所有的词汇阻遏都是部分阻遏。按照统一的变异语用学理论的解释框架,词汇阻遏现象是语言变异与变化的产物,不规则词项通常是在语言使用与语言接触中产生的。能产性规则随着词汇扩散而传播,但所有的词汇扩散都不可能百分之百完成。变异是进行中的变化,形态规则性的强弱总是取决于其统辖词汇的数量,现在的不规则词项既可能是以往形态规则经历变化后的残留,也可能是未来某个形态规则的端倪。
[Abstract]:Repression is one of the important research topics in linguistics. A lexical entry exists to prevent another lexical entry form or use is called lexical lexical entry. By repression repression may be based on the underlying lexical entry form of the rules, may also be in accordance with the productive rules constitute an existing lexical entry before. A repressor is called a repressor form, called pragmatic repression. Specific expressions for the interpretation of lexical entry vocabulary. Not repression repression in the use of language, not a language rule is no exception, all are part of vocabulary repressor repressor. Interpretive framework theory in accordance with the unified language variation the phenomenon of lexical repression is a product of language variation and change, irregular lexical entry is usually produced in language use and language contact. Productive rules spread with lexical diffusion, but lexical diffusion can not be completed all one hundred percent. The variation is changes in the form of rules of strength always depends on the governance of the number of words, the irregular lexical entry may be residual previous morphological rules after the change of experience, also may be the clue a future form of the rules.

【作者单位】：南京大学中国语言战略研究中心;南京晓庄学院;
【基金】：江苏省教育厅2013年度高校哲学社会科学基金指导项目“变异语言学视野下的词汇阻遏”(项目编号:2013SJD740019)的资助
【分类号】：H030
【正文快照】： 一引言尽管语言中有各种惯例和默认规则,但没有一条语言规则是没有例外的。词汇阻遏(blocking)往往会形成规则的例外。如英语中颇具能产性的后缀-er,可以将大量动词变成同源名词,像swim~swimmer、drive~driver等等,但当这个规则运用到动词steal时,就受到了既存同义名词thief的

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