复合趋向动词“出来”语义的多角度研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 05:51

本文关键词： “出来” 语义语法化认知语言学复合趋向动词　出处：《浙江师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：趋向动词是一类表示动作趋向的特殊动词,其中,由“起”、“开”、“出”、“回”、“过”等与趋向动词“来”、“去”构成的复合趋向动词由于形式灵活、意义多样、用法复杂、使用广泛等特点一直是汉语学界研究的热点,同时也是一个难点。目前已有的研究较散,主要关注的是几个虚化程度较高的复合趋向动词或者是对趋向动词、趋向补语整体的研究,能关注到语义层面,并对一个词的语义进行整体细致研究的很少。本文选择了使用频率高、语义复杂的复合趋向动词“出来”为研究对象,从复合趋向动词“出来”的语法化过程、影响复合趋向动词“出来”的因素分析、从认知语言学角度分析“出来”的语义特征三个方面着手,从共时和历时两个平面挖掘其语义的演变过程、影响因素、语义特征和相互间的关系。文章第一部分是绪论,主要概括了本文的研究意义、综述和研究理论,着重对复合趋向动词“出来”的语义和研究现状做一个简单的介绍,这一部分是对前人研究的概括总结,为后文的撰写提供了必要的支撑。第二部分是对复合趋向动词“出来”语法化过程的研究。“出来”从一开始单一的实词义,发展到现代汉语中实词义、趋向义、结果义和比喻义并存的状态,其间发生了一系列的语义泛化和词义虚化。本章是从历时平面来梳理的,通过对历史上重要古籍的统计和语料的分析对“出来”一词的语义变化进行了一个历史考察。文中把这一语义变化过程初步分为动词义占主导时期、结果义占主导时期和多种语义平衡发展时期三个阶段,剖析“出来”在不同时期发生语法化的特点。第三部分结合语料详细分析了影响复合趋向动词“出来”语义的众多因素。在“出来”的使用过程中,许多因素都会影响到“出来”语义的选择。“出来”可以作为句子中的不同成分：如果是谓语,语义通常是从内到外的实词义；如果是补语,语义就会虚化,减少动作性,可以表示从内到外的趋向或者从无到有的结果。宾语对“出来”语义的影响很大,是否带宾语、宾语和“出来”的位置关系、宾语的性质都会使它的语义产生变化。最后,文章讨论了谓语动词的性质对“出来”的影响,把动词分成自移位移动词、他移位移动词和无位移动词。第四部分主要运用了现代较为热门的认知语言学理论,从“出来”各个语义间的认知关系、意象图式、概念隐喻、主观性、概念化参照和凸显五个部分,来解读“出来”的语义特征。文中从认知语言学角度展示了“出来”各项语义间的引申关系,运用图示法把每个语义的运动过程变得更加生动、具体,更容易理解。第五部分详细梳理了文章的结构和研究成果,是对全文的总结。
[Abstract]:The directional verb is a kind of special verb which indicates the tendency of action, among which, the compound directional verb composed of "start", "open", "out", "back", "over" and the directional verb "come" and "go" is complex because of its flexible form, various meanings and complicated usage. The characteristics of extensive use have been a hot topic and a difficult point in the field of Chinese studies. At present, the existing research has been scattered, mainly focusing on several complex directional verbs with a higher degree of nihilization or opposite directional verbs. The study of directional complement as a whole can focus on the semantic level and make a detailed study of the semantics of a word. In this paper, we choose the compound directional verb with high frequency and complex semantics as the object of study. From the grammaticalization process of compound directional verb "coming out", the factor analysis of influencing compound directional verb "coming out", the semantic characteristics of "come out" are analyzed from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. The semantic evolution process, influencing factors, semantic characteristics and the relationship between them are excavated from the synchronic and diachronic planes. The first part of this paper is an introduction, which summarizes the significance of the research, summarizes and studies the theory. Focusing on the compound verb "come out" of the semantics and the status quo of a simple introduction, this part is a summary of previous studies, The second part is the study of the grammaticalization process of compound directional verb "come out". "come out" develops from a single real word meaning at the beginning to a real word meaning and orientation meaning in modern Chinese. The state of coexistence of meaning and figurative meaning, during which a series of semantic generalization and lexical vacuity have taken place. This chapter is combed from the diachronic plane. This paper makes a historical investigation on the semantic change of the word "come out" by analyzing the statistics and corpus of the important ancient books in history. In this paper, the process of semantic change is divided into the period in which the meaning of the word "come out" dominates. Results there are three stages: the dominant stage and the balanced development period. This paper analyzes the characteristics of grammaticalization of "come out" in different periods. The third part analyzes in detail the factors that affect the semantic meaning of compound directional verb "come out" in combination with the corpus. In the process of "coming out", Many factors affect the choice of "come out" semantics. "come out" can be used as a different component of a sentence: if it is a predicate, the meaning is usually a real word from the inside to the outside; if it is a complement, the meaning becomes empty and reduces the mobility. It can indicate the tendency from the inside to the outside or the result from scratch. The object has a great influence on the meaning of "come out", whether it has the object, the position relation between the object and the "come out", and the nature of the object will change its meaning. Finally, This paper discusses the influence of the nature of predicate verbs on "coming out", classifies the verbs into self-shifting moving words, his shift moving words and non-displacement verbs. Part 4th mainly uses the popular modern cognitive linguistics theory. There are five parts: cognitive relation, image schema, conceptual metaphor, subjectivity, conceptualization reference and prominence. To interpret the semantic characteristics of "come out". This paper shows the extended relationship between the semantics of "come out" from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, and uses the graphic method to make the movement process of each semantic more vivid and specific. Easier to understand. Part 5th combs the structure of the article and research results, is a summary of the full text.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H136

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