现代汉语“名量”式合成词研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 07:48

本文关键词： “名量”式 “名名”式数量名短语名词量词　出处：《南京师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“名量”式合成词的研究受到学界越来越多的关注,但大家各持一说,对此没有统一认识。“名量”式合成词研究未成体系的主要原因在于其范围的界定尚不明确。研究对象不同,研究出的结果必然各异。因此,本文首先通过共时与历时相结合的方式确定了“名量”式合成词的判断标准,然后按照此标准对“名量”式合成词的范围进行界定,确定正式“名量”式合成词11个：船只舰只枪支纸张皮张布匹马匹车辆银两画幅煤斤,及非正式“名量”式合成词若干。接下来便以所确定的“名量”式合成词作为主要研究对象,探讨其来源、形成发展的原因、发展趋势与规律,以及“名量”式合成词的特点。本文在前人研究的基础上,将“名量”式合成词的来源归为三大类：直接粘合,跨层结合,类推发展。同时将其产生发展的原因概括为四点：古汉语语法传承,心理趋平衡机制与思维的仿效生成机制,量词的丰富与发展,汉语词汇双音节化的推动。又进一步探索了“名量”式合成词的发展趋势与规律,其中有三大趋势：此消彼长中整体扩大化趋势,“名名”式后一名语素虚化发展为“名量”式,量语素词缀化趋势；两大规律：常配律,继承律。最后本文析出“名量”式合成词的四大特点：语义上具有集合义、个体义及具体名物义,语法上名量逆序后可构成数量名短语,词汇上名语素和量语素都具有特定类别范畴,表达上倾向于书面语体色彩。本文采取一定量化手段,对“名量”式合成词进行理性分析,并对有关“名量”式合成词的几点疑问进行了分析与解答,找到了其语法理据——古汉语语法传承,并找出了“名量”式合成词发展失衡的主要原因——遵循常配律、继承律等发展规律。同时,本文首次提出“名量”式合成词产生与发展的深层机制——心理趋平衡机制、思维仿效生成机制。
[Abstract]:More and more attention has been paid to the study of "nominal and quantitative" compound words. There is no unified understanding of this. The main reason for the lack of systematization in the study of Numeric compound words is that the definition of their scope is not clear. In this paper, the judgment standard of "name and quantity" compound word is determined by the way of synchronic and diachronic combination, and then the scope of "name quantity" type compound word is defined according to this standard. Determine the formal "name" type compound words 11: ships, guns, paper, paper, paper, cloth, horses, vehicles, silver and coal jins, And the number of informal "nominal-quantitative" compound words. Then, taking the "nominal and quantitative" compound words as the main research object, the source, the reasons for its formation, the development trend and the law are discussed. On the basis of previous studies, this paper classifies the source of Numeric compound words into three categories: direct bonding, cross-layer bonding, and so on. At the same time, the reasons for its development are summarized as four points: the inheritance of ancient Chinese grammar, the mechanism of psychological balance and emulation of thinking, the enrichment and development of quantifiers. The development trend and law of "nominal-quantitative" compound words are further explored, among which there are three major trends: the trend of overall expansion in the growth and decline of Chinese vocabulary, and the development of a morpheme from "noun" to "nomination-quantity". The tendency of morpheme affixation; two laws: regular matching law, inheritance law. Finally, this paper points out the four characteristics of "name and quantity" compound words: semantic meaning, individual meaning and specific meaning. The grammatical noun and quantification can form the quantitative noun phrase. Both the lexical notional morpheme and the quantitative morpheme have specific category categories and tend to express the style color of the written language. This paper adopts certain quantitative means to carry on the rational analysis to the "name and quantity" type compound word. This paper also analyzes and answers some questions about "nominal-quantitative" compound words, finds out their grammatical motivations-grammatical inheritance in ancient Chinese, and finds out the main reasons for the imbalance in the development of "nominal-quantitative" compound words-following the regular matching law. At the same time, this paper puts forward for the first time the deep mechanism of the production and development of "name and quantity" compound words-the psychological balance mechanism, and the thinking emulation mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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