浅析动量词“过”和“次”

发布时间：2018-02-27 12:36

本文关键词： 动量词历时虚化　出处：《陕西师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当前对于汉语量词的研究已十分丰富,大多是从量词的分类、量词短语结构、某类或某个量词的产生及历时发展等角度进行研究。对动量词的研究是近代兴起的,主要研究方向有动量词的起源和分类。近年来开始逐渐重视动量词与动词的搭配及语义分析等方面。本文通过古代文献资料和文学作品,总结吸纳已有的研究成果,从历时的角度分析“过”和“次”的产生和历史演变,并通过两个词的语法分析,研究“次”取代“过”的必然性。最后结合对外汉语中“次”的教学,分析容易产生的问题并提出相关的教学建议。全文除引言和结语外,分为四章：第一章,动量词系统简介。对动量词的产生时间和分类做一个综述。第一节通过古代文献和现代的研究成果对汉语动量词的产生时间做一个分析。第二节简介各家对动量词的不同分类方法。第二章,“过”的历史根源研究。第一节分析“过”由动词虚化为动量词的整个过程。动量词“过”最初是由动词“过”虚化而来,其意义也相应地从动词义“度过”、“经过”虚化为表示经过、度过的次数。第二节分析的是动量词“过”的发展及消亡。至魏晋南北朝时期,“过”已经成为在各类文献资料中最常见的通用动量词,几乎可以与各类动词相结合。“过”的广泛使用反映了汉语动量词在一定发展阶段上的面貌。经过了南北朝的兴盛,唐代“过”的使用率大大降低,呈现出萎缩的趋势,直到最终消亡第三章,“次”的历史根源研究。第一节分析“次”的产生及成熟。“次”在南北朝时期萌芽,当时仅仅为一种痕迹,还没有成为一种现象。在唐朝时期仍然发展缓慢,在《全唐诗》中仅有3例,大量出现并使用应在宋代之后。第二节分析的是“次”取代“过”的过程及“次”在现代汉语中的地位。“次”取代“过”是一个漫长的过程。大量文献和文学作品表明,随着“回”、“度”等量词在唐代对“过”造成冲击,导致“过”的使用率大大降低,最终被“次”在元代完全取代并一直沿用至今。在现代汉语量词体系中,“次”作为一个通用量词被人们广泛使用。第四章,“次”取代“过”的必然性及对外汉语中“次”的教学。第一节是对“过”和“次”进行语法特征分析,由此分析“次”代替“过”的必然性。“过”和“次”不仅有相同的地方,“次”更具备优于“过”、更适合语言发展要求和交际需要的方面,因此才能完全取代“过”并一直沿用至今。第二节是对外汉语中“次”的教学。在对外汉语教学实践中,由于“次”是通用动量词,对动词的选择限制小,大部分学习者都会出现“次”化现象。为此,教师应在教学中多加注意。
[Abstract]:At present, the research on Chinese classifiers is very rich, mostly from the classification of classifiers, the structure of classifier phrases, the emergence and diachronic development of a certain category or a quantifier, etc. The research on momentum words has arisen in modern times. The main research directions are the origin and classification of momentum words. In recent years, attention has been paid to the collocation and semantic analysis of verb-quantifiers and verbs. From the diachronic point of view, this paper analyzes the emergence and historical evolution of "over" and "secondary", and studies the inevitability of "secondary" replacing "pass" through the grammatical analysis of two words. Finally, combining with the teaching of "secondary" in Chinese as a foreign language, In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into four chapters:. Chapter I, Introduction to the system of variable quantifiers. A summary of the generation time and classification of momentum words. The first section makes an analysis of the generation time of Chinese momentum words through ancient literature and modern research results. Different ways of classifying words. In the second chapter, the historical origin of "Yu" is studied. The first section analyzes the whole process of "too" from the verb to the momentum word. The verb "over" is originally formed by the verb "too". Its meaning also follows the meaning of the word "pass through", "pass through" to signify passing, The second section analyzes the development and extinction of the verb "Yue". By the time of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, "Yue" had become the most common general momentum word in all kinds of literature. Almost can be combined with all kinds of verbs. The widespread use of "Yu" reflects the appearance of Chinese momentum words at a certain stage of development. After the prosperity of the Southern and Northern dynasties, the utilization rate of "Yu" in the Tang Dynasty has been greatly reduced, showing a trend of shrinking. Until it finally dies. The first section analyzes the emergence and maturity of the "secondary". The "secondary" sprout in the period of the Southern and Northern dynasties, at that time, it was only a trace, not a phenomenon. In the Tang Dynasty, the development was still slow. There are only three cases in Poems of the whole Tang Dynasty. The second section analyzes the process of "secondary" replacing "over" and the position of "secondary" in modern Chinese. "secondary" is a long process of replacing "pass". A large number of literature and literary works show that, With the impact of quantifiers such as "Hui" and "du" on "excessive" in the Tang Dynasty, the utilization rate of "overdo" was greatly reduced. In the modern Chinese classifier system, it is widely used as a universal classifier. Chapter 4th, the inevitability of "second" to replace "pass", and the teaching of "secondary" in Chinese as a foreign language. The first section is to analyze the grammatical characteristics of "pass" and "second". This paper analyzes the inevitability of replacing "over" with "secondary". "pass" and "secondary" not only have the same place, but also have more advantages than "too", which are more suitable for language development requirements and communication needs. The second section is the teaching of "secondary" in Chinese as a foreign language. In the practice of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, since "secondary" is a common momentum word, the choice of verbs is limited. Most learners will appear "secondary" phenomenon. Therefore, teachers should pay more attention in teaching.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3

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