中美领导人校园演讲中概念隐喻的批评性对比研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 12:30

本文选题：政治演讲　切入点：概念隐喻　出处：《东北农业大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：隐喻一直是各国学者们关注的焦点，，并日益成为认知语言学的一个重要分支。隐喻研究已有两千多年的历史。从亚里士多德的“对比说”到理查德的“互动理论”是传统的隐喻研究阶段，把隐喻仅看作是一种纯粹的修辞手段。以莱考夫为代表的语言学家提出的认知隐喻理论，使隐喻研究有了全新的突破，自此隐喻不再单纯地只是一种语言形式，更重要的是一种思维方式和认知手段。政治语言不仅仅表达了思想意义，更体现了人的权力意志，受到了越来越多的学者关注。近年来，随着认知隐喻学的发展，学者们试图采用隐喻的理论来分析政治语言，但是政治演讲作为政治语言的有效表达途径之一，其中的概念隐喻的对比研究却并不多见。政治演讲带有浓厚的政治色彩，成功的演讲不仅能激发群众热情，并能获得听众的支持，因此政治演讲便成为了政治家们达到其政治目的的有效工具。但因政治语言非常抽象，又十分枯燥，为了能被听众更好的理解与接受，政治家们便采用概念隐喻这一有力的语言工具。在前人的研究成果上，本文将以概念隐喻理论为基础，采用批评性隐喻分析方法，并基于相关语料进行中美政治概念隐喻的对比分析。试图找出其相似点和不同点，并分析其原因以及概念隐喻在中美政治演讲中的功能。本文的语料为美国总统奥巴马与中国国家主席胡锦涛对大学生所做的演讲，在研究过程中，定量分析和定性分析都有所应用。研究发现，在中美政治演讲中均存在着大量的政治隐喻，证明了概念隐喻的普遍性。中美领导人政治演讲中的概念隐喻主要包括：建筑隐喻、家庭隐喻、宗教隐喻、战争隐喻、围棋隐喻、旅途隐喻、圆圈隐喻、植物隐喻等。其中，植物隐喻，建筑隐喻和家庭隐喻均存在于中美两种语言中，而始源域相同，目标域不同的概念隐喻是旅途隐喻和战争隐喻，此外，围棋隐喻和圆圈隐喻是中国所特有的，宗教隐喻是美国特有的。隐喻表达的相同之处源于人类相似的认知系统和生活体验，不同之处源于两国历史、宗教、意识形态、风俗传统的取向不同。并且，隐喻在政治演讲中存在着五种功能，而劝谏是其主要功能。本文采用新兴的批评性隐喻进行分析，它是批评性话语分析的新方法，即综合运用语料库分析、认知语言学、对比语言学、语用学等方法对概念隐喻进行分析，以此揭示话语群体的信仰、态度和感情以及其意识形态和修辞基础。其研究结果有助于中美政治和文化的深层次研究，为政治语篇的翻译提供重要的参考价值；在外语教学中，有助于学生对语言的全面掌握和了解；在语言研究层面上，本文是隐喻研究新方法的一种尝试，然而本文只是初步探索，研究过程中还存在着许多缺点，作者期待在不久的将来能够对概念隐喻，以及批评性隐喻进行更深层次的研究。
[Abstract]:Metaphor has been the focus of scholars all over the world. Metaphor has been studied for more than 2,000 years. From Aristotle's Contrastive Theory to Richard's Theory of interaction, it is a traditional stage of metaphor study. Metaphor is only regarded as a pure rhetorical device. The theory of cognitive metaphor put forward by Lakoff, a linguist, has made a new breakthrough in the study of metaphor. Since then, metaphor is no longer simply a form of language. More importantly, it is a way of thinking and cognitive means. Political language not only expresses the meaning of thought, but also embodies the will to power of human beings, and has been paid more and more attention by scholars. In recent years, with the development of cognitive metaphor, Scholars try to use the theory of metaphor to analyze political language, but political speech is one of the effective ways to express political language, but the contrastive study of conceptual metaphor is rare. Political speeches have a strong political color. Successful speeches can not only arouse the enthusiasm of the masses, but also win the support of the audience. So political speech becomes an effective tool for politicians to achieve their political ends. But because the political language is very abstract and boring, in order to be better understood and accepted by the audience, Politicians have adopted conceptual metaphor as a powerful language tool. On the basis of the previous research results, this paper will use critical metaphor analysis method based on conceptual metaphor theory. Based on the relevant corpus, this paper makes a contrastive analysis of Chinese and American political conceptual metaphors, and tries to find out their similarities and differences, and to analyze the reasons and the functions of conceptual metaphors in Sino-American political speeches. The corpus of this paper is the speeches made by US President Barack Obama and Chinese President Hu Jintao to college students. In the course of the research, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis have been applied. There are a large number of political metaphors in Chinese and American political speeches, which prove the universality of conceptual metaphors. The conceptual metaphors in political speeches of Chinese and American leaders mainly include: architectural metaphor, family metaphor, religious metaphor, war metaphor, go metaphor. Among them, plant metaphors, architectural metaphors and family metaphors exist in both Chinese and American languages, while the original domain is the same, and the conceptual metaphors of different target domains are journey metaphors and war metaphors. Go metaphors and circle metaphors are unique to China and religious metaphors are unique to the United States. The similarities of metaphors are derived from the similar cognitive systems and life experiences of human beings, while the differences arise from the history, religion, and ideology of the two countries. Moreover, metaphor has five functions in political speech, and persuasion is its main function. This paper analyzes conceptual metaphors by using new critical metaphor, which is a new method of critical discourse analysis, that is, the use of corpus analysis, cognitive linguistics, contrastive linguistics, pragmatics and other methods to analyze conceptual metaphors. In this way, the beliefs, attitudes and feelings of discourse groups, as well as their ideological and rhetorical bases, are revealed. The results of this study contribute to the in-depth study of politics and culture in China and the United States, and provide important reference values for the translation of political discourses in foreign language teaching. In the aspect of language research, this thesis is an attempt of a new approach to metaphor research. However, this paper is only a preliminary exploration, and there are still many shortcomings in the research process. The author looks forward to a deeper study of conceptual metaphors and critical metaphors in the near future.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H15;H315

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