跨文化背景下的中英称赞语对比研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 06:51

本文选题：称赞语　切入点：言语交际　出处：《哈尔滨师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为现代语用学的核心内容，言语行为理论自20世纪50年代由John.J.Austin提出后，引起了国内外许多哲学家和语言学家的极大兴趣，他们开始从不同方面致力于对言语行为理论的研究。有交际的“润滑剂”之称的称赞语在人类的言语交际中，应用范围广，使用频率高。作为一种积极的人类言语交际行为，称赞语是说话者对他人的素质或所有物给予直接或间接的赞美。汉语和英语称赞语在社会生活中发挥着不可替代的作用，同时也有许多方面的差异。西方的许多学者从不同方面对称赞语进行研究，相比较国外的研究来说，国内对称赞语的研究起步较晚。随着中国语言学的发展，国内关于称赞语方面的研究近年来引起人们的广泛关注。随着信息技术的快速发展，来自于不同国家，具有不同文化背景的人们之间交流变得越来越频繁，正确地使用称赞语并对其作出恰当的回答在成功的人际交际中发挥着极其重要的作用。本文以言语行为理论和礼貌原则为主要理论基础，以跨文化交际为背景，使用对比分析的方法研究中英称赞语在使用语境、话题分布、称赞形式、社会功能、修辞等方面的差异，并探求影响中英称赞语差异的文化因素。研究发现英汉称赞语在家庭、学校和工作场合的使用中显现出明显的差异性；在对英汉称赞语的研究中发现性别对称赞语的使用和应答方面存在着差异；相比较英语称赞语而言，汉语称赞语承载着更多的社会功能；在词法和句式上，汉语称赞语体现出更加灵活多变的特点；汉语称赞语在修辞和习语上比英语称赞语更加丰富，更具文学色彩性；英汉称赞语都具有模糊性的特点；随着时代的发展，人们的审美标准也随之改变，以中国历史中对女性审美的变化来说明称赞语具有历时性这一特点。凡此种种不同，，皆因两国具有不同的文化底蕴，具有不同的传统价值观念和思维方式，对合作原则和礼貌原则等语用原则的使用不同。可见，英汉称赞语反映着文化又同时受文化的制约，只有了解两国的文化差异才能在交际中更好地运用称赞语这一积极的言语交际行为，从而取得预期的交际效果。
[Abstract]:As the core of modern pragmatics, speech act theory has attracted great interest of many philosophers and linguists at home and abroad since it was put forward by John.J.Austin in 1950s. They began to devote themselves to the study of speech act theory from different aspects. The compliments, which are called "lubricant" of communication, are widely used and frequently used in human speech communication. Compliment is a direct or indirect compliment given by the speaker to the quality or possession of others. Chinese and English compliments play an irreplaceable role in social life. At the same time, there are many differences in many aspects. Many scholars in the West have studied compliments from different aspects. Compared with foreign studies, the study of compliments in China started relatively late. With the development of linguistics in China, In recent years, domestic research on compliments has attracted wide attention. With the rapid development of information technology, communication between people from different countries and cultures has become more and more frequent. The correct use of compliments and appropriate answers to them play an extremely important role in successful interpersonal communication. This thesis is based on speech act theory and politeness principle, with cross-cultural communication as the background. Using the method of contrastive analysis, this paper studies the differences in usage context, topic distribution, praise form, social function, rhetoric and so on, and explores the cultural factors that influence the differences between English and Chinese compliments. There are obvious differences in school and workplace use; in the study of English and Chinese compliments, there are differences in the use and response of gender symmetric compliments. Chinese compliments bear more social functions; in terms of lexical and sentence patterns, Chinese compliments are characterized by more flexibility and variety, and Chinese compliments are more abundant in rhetoric and idiom than in English and have more literary color. With the development of the times, people's aesthetic standards also change. The change of female aesthetics in Chinese history shows that compliments have diachronic characteristics. Both countries have different cultural connotations, different traditional values and modes of thinking, and different pragmatic principles such as cooperation principle and politeness principle. It can be seen that English and Chinese compliments reflect that culture is restricted by culture at the same time. Only by understanding the cultural differences between the two countries can we make better use of compliments as a positive verbal communication act and achieve the expected communicative effect.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H313;H136

【参考文献】