什么使人类语言拥有独特的递归性？

发布时间：2018-03-11 00:00

本文选题：狭义语言器官　切入点：广义语言器官　出处：《天津师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在Chomsky生物语言学的大量文献中,递归性被认为是人类语言独有的特性,其中2002年Hauser、Chomsky和Fitch(下文简称HCF)发表于《科学》杂志的文章最为著名。在此假设的基础上,我们面对的问题是,是什么使得递归成为了人类语言和动物交流信号之间的区别?在这篇论文中,我们假设是对比辅音的存在标志着人类语言和动物交流信号的区别。我们的假设逻辑如下：承认离散性是递归性的一个必要前提,如果没有辅音的存在,人类语言将无法被切割成离散的因素,因此人类语言有辅音与动物交流信号无辅音就形成了一个对比。这也为从递归性角度研究生物语言学提供了物理上的解释。本文中,我们强调辅音的对比性。同时我们提供已存证据支持我们的假设：一个是儿童语言习得过程中对语流的切割离不开辅音,如果句子不能切割成离散的单位,儿童就无法习得合并这样的句法操作；另一个是关于棉绒猴的实验(Newport et al.2004),它们根本无法感知辅音。此外,我们也搜集了大量的动物信号样本,其中既包括哺乳动物,也包括鸟类。我们用Praat软件对其进行了分析,发现其均呈现整合形式,并没有辅音迹象。因此,动物并没有将交流信号区分成离散因素的能力。从进化角度讲,我们同意HCF的广义语言器官(FLB)先存于狭义语言器官(FLN)的观点(如,BoeckxPiattelli-Palmarini,2005),并且我们与很多语言学家对于语言器官是一个由三个独立的部分(分别是狭义句法、感觉运动系统和概念意义系统)的合进化的观点保持一致(Fujita,2009)。从比较视角来看,动物也是有命题的,但是它们的命题不能切分。句法的出现使得整合的命题可分,离散的外化就是辅音。同时,动物也是有音系计算能力的(Samuels,2012),那么人类语言的语音外化就是一个把形态句法和语音匹配的过程,而这种匹配是人类独有的能力。根据Ning(2010)的相互包涵算法,我们认为辅音标志着人类语言器官的最终形成。如果我们的假设最终被证明是沿着正确的方向发展,那么对于语言器官基因的探索可以联系对到辅音的感知和产出的研究上,这样也会为语言器官的研究缩小范围。
[Abstract]:Recursiveness is considered a unique feature of human language in a large number of biolinguistics literature, of which Hauserer Chomsky and Chomsky (hereafter referred to as Chomsky) are the most famous published in the journal Science. The question is, what makes recursion the difference between human language and animal communication? In this paper, we assume that the existence of contrastive consonants marks the difference between human language and animal communication signals. Human language will not be cut into discrete factors, so human language has consonant with animal communication signal without consonant, which provides a physical explanation for the study of biolinguistics from the perspective of recursion. In this paper, we emphasize the contrastive of consonants. At the same time, we provide existing evidence to support our hypothesis: one is that in the process of children's language acquisition, the speech flow can not be cut without consonants, if sentences cannot be cut into discrete units, Children can't acquire syntactic manipulation like merging; another experiment with cotton monkeys, Newport et al. 2004, is that they can't sense consonants at all. In addition, we've collected a large sample of animal signals, including mammals. We analyzed them with Praat software and found that they were all integrated, and there was no sign of consonant. Therefore, animals did not have the ability to separate AC signals into discrete factors. From an evolutionary point of view, we agree with the idea that HCF's generalized language organ, HCF, preexisted in the narrow language organ (e.g., Boeckx Piattelli-Palmarinil 2005), and that we and many linguists have three separate parts of the language organ (one is the narrow sense syntax, the other is the narrow sense syntax). From a comparative point of view, animals also have propositions, but their propositions cannot be segmented. Syntactic emergence makes integrated propositions separable. The discrete externalization is consonant. At the same time, the animal is also a phonetic computing ability, then the speech externalization of human language is a process of matching morphology, syntax and pronunciation. According to Ningbo 2010)'s mutual inclusion algorithm, we believe that consonants mark the final formation of human language organs. If our hypothesis turns out to be in the right direction, the exploration of language organ genes can be linked to the study of consonant perception and production, which will also narrow down the scope of the study of language organs.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H0-05

【共引文献】