基于《现代汉语词典》的同素异序词实证研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 14:16

本文选题：同素异序词　切入点：界定　出处：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：同素异序这一汉语词汇现象古已有之,指的是构词语素基本相同,但语素位置互为颠倒的一组词。近年来多有论著对这个汉语现象进行描写和阐释,主要集中于这一词汇现象名称的确定、概念的界定、词汇分类描写、修辞效果极其规范等方面。在文献研究的基础上,本文着力解决目前研究中稍显不足的以下三个方面：同素异序这个汉语词汇现象名称的确定、同素异序词内部构成情况及其系统性、同素异序词使用频率及优选机制。针对目前同素异序词研究现状的不足,本文首先对同素异序现象进行统一名称的确定,结合目前知网中收录的文献进行统计发现“同素异序词”这个称谓是使用最为广泛的一种,因而采用这一知晓度高的称谓。在此基础上从“同素”、“异序”、“词”三个方面对同素异序词进行了概念上的界定,并发现了几种形式上极其具有欺骗性的“伪同素异序词”。然后以《现代汉语词典》(第5版)为同素异序词研究来源,运用语料库语言学的方法对《现汉》(第5版)中的同素异序词进行计量和统计,筛查伪同素异序词之后得到了569组,共1138个词条。在计量统计的基础上,我们对同素异序词进行了分类描写,结构上将其分为同素异序同构词和同素异序异构词,从数量上看,同素同构词占了大多数。同素异序同构词的内部构成中,联合式及偏正式同构词占绝大多数,还有少量的动宾式同构词。对于联合式同素同构词来说,语义上看,以同义关系为主；相关联合式的构词语素与词义关系有共通性和修辞性的特点；反义联合式主要表示抽象意义的词。同素异序异构词的构成情况非常复杂,几乎涵盖了所有的构词法,而以“偏正—动宾式异构词”所占比例最大。本文对同素异序词做了较为全面、系统的分析,创新之处在于对同素异序词内部构成进行了系统的分类、统计和描写,有助于对同素异序词有系统性的认识。除此之外,还对同素异序词的优选机制做了有益的探索。对于等义的同素同构词来说,经北大现代汉语语料库检索筛查后发现,语音对其影响是最为明显的,遵循“阴平—阳平—上声一去声”的音节组合序列为高频词,反之则为备选词。除语音之外,还有语素、语义、语素组合情况会对其使用频率造成影响。
[Abstract]:The Chinese lexical phenomenon of the same morpheme and different order has existed in ancient times. It refers to a group of words whose morpheme is basically the same, but the morpheme position is reversed each other. In recent years, there have been many works describing and explaining this phenomenon in Chinese. It mainly focuses on the determination of the name of the phenomenon, the definition of the concept, the description of lexical classification, the rhetoric effect and so on. This paper focuses on the following three aspects: the determination of the synonym of the Chinese lexical phenomenon, the internal composition and systematicness of the synonym, the frequency of the use of the synonym and the mechanism of optimal selection. In view of the deficiency of the current research on the synonym disordering, this paper firstly determines the uniform name of the synonym. According to the statistics of the literature collected in Zhiwang at present, it is found that the title "the same element and different order word" is the most widely used one. On the basis of this, the concept of "identical element", "different order" and "word" is defined in terms of "identical element", "different order" and "word". Several deceptive "pseudo-identical and disordered words" are found. Then, the Modern Chinese Dictionary (5th Edition) is used as the source of the research on the same morpheme and different order words. By using the method of corpus linguistics, this paper measures and counts the morpheme and disordering words in "Xianhan" (5th Edition), and obtains 569 groups of 1138 entries after screening the pseudo-morpheme and disordering words. On the basis of econometric statistics, we classify and describe the morpheme and order word, and divide it into two categories: the same element order word and the same element order isomorphism word, from the quantitative point of view, The internal composition of isomorphism isomorphism is the majority of synonyms, and a small number of verb-object isomorphic words are formed in conjunction and partial formal form. In terms of semantic meaning of syntactic isomorphism, there are many synonyms of synonym and partial formal isomorphism, and a small number of verb-object isomorphic words are formed. The relationship between morpheme and word meaning is common and rhetorical, the antonym is mainly used to express abstract meaning, and the structure of isomorphism is very complex. Almost all the word-formation methods are covered, and the proportion of "biased-verb-object isomorphic words" is the largest. This paper makes a more comprehensive and systematic analysis of the synonyms. The innovation lies in the systematic classification, statistics and description of the internal composition of the synonyms, which is helpful to the systematic understanding of the synonyms. This paper also makes a beneficial exploration on the mechanism of the optimal selection of synonyms. For the isonyms of synonyms and synonyms, it is found that pronunciation has the most obvious influence on the synonyms after screening the modern Chinese corpus of Peking University. The syllable combination sequence of "Yin Ping-Yang Ping-Shang Sheng disappearing" is high frequency words and vice versa. In addition to phonetics, there are morpheme, semantics and morpheme combination which will affect its frequency of use.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136

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