《老残游记》副词研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 21:12

本文选题：副词　切入点：句法功能　出处：《西南大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：刘鹗《老残游记》是晚清谴责小说的代表作,也是后人借以认识清末社会的一部审美化的历史档案。它不但是中国文学史上的宝贵遗产,而且也是研究汉语词汇史的重要材料。本文以《老残游记》中的副词为研究对象,通过对其副词的全面调查与分析,详尽描写各类副词的来源及发展演变状况,从而管窥晚清时期汉语副词的基本面貌和时代特征,以期为进一步研究晚清时期及整个汉语副词系统的发展演变奠定必要的基础,为汉语语法史研究提供参考。本文采用描写与解释相结合,共时研究与历时研究相结合,定量分析与定性分析相结合以及比较研究等研究方法,运用语法理论和前人的研究成果,对《老残游记》中出现的515个副词的使用频率、语法功能、语义指向、共现顺序等方面作出详细描写和阐释。研究发现,《老残游记》中的副词大都是汉语中的常用词,但有些意义和用法既不同于先秦两汉,又不同于现代汉语,是晚清时期特有的意义和用法,具有重要的研究价值,值得全面清理和深入分析。本文对这些特殊的副词现象进行细致描写和理论探讨,以期为全面了解近代汉语副词提供晚清时期真实可靠的语料和研究参考,从而进一步推动汉语副词和汉语词汇史研究。本文的创新之处在于首次对《老残游记》中的副词进行全面清理,建立副词专门语料库,从语义、句法和语用三个平面开展封闭研究,然后运用认知语言学、语法化等理论探讨演变动因。本论文由以下几部分构成：第一章,绪论。主要论述副词的定义,副词的虚实归属、汉语副词次类划分的历史回顾、汉语副词与其他词类的区分原则与标准,并阐明研究缘由与意义；简要介绍《老残游记》的内容、作者和版本,界定《老残游记》副词的研究范围；展现学术界有关副词的研究现状,确立语料选择标准、程序和操作方法,建立副词语料库等。第二章,副词的分类描写。我们借鉴前贤的分类标准,又根据自己的观察、分析,结合《老残游记》语料的实际情况,对《老残游记》中的副词做了比较细致的分类,列出了副词分类总目与出现的频率,有助于对《老残游记》副词的全面认识。本文将所研究语料中的副词分为语气副词、关联副词、时间副词、频率副词、范围副词、程度副词、否定副词、协同副词、重复副词和情态副词等十类。然后再分析《老残游记》副词的典型范畴和非典型范畴,目的在于更好地认识副词次类内部及其相互之间功能上的关联性和特殊性。第三章,副词的语法功能和语义指向分析。第一节先讨论《老残游记》中副词的语法功能,发现近代汉语晚期的副词不仅可以比较自由地修饰单个动词、形容词,也可以比较自由地修饰动词性结构、形容词性结构、少数还能修饰名词性结构、数量结构、固定短语和主谓结构。第二节语义指向分析。研究结果表明《老残游记》副词语义指向包括两种情况：前指副词和后指副词。第三节探讨《老残游记》副词的语法功能与语义指向的一致性及其原因。第四节具体讨论副词作状语带“的(地)”的情况。第四章,副词的独用与连用顺序。首先讨论了《老残游记》中副词的独用现象,发现《老残游记》中副词独用的很少,仅有5个。然后研究副词的连用顺序,笔者借鉴前贤有关副词连用顺序的研究成果,总结出《老残游记》中副词连用的基本顺序为：语气副词→关联副词→时间副词→频率副词→范围副词→程度副词→否定副词→协同副词→重复副词→情态副词。除了上述连用顺序以外,还出现了一些变序情况,如范围副词→时间副词、情态副词→否定副词、时间副词→否定副词→程度副词等。第五章,《老残游记》中的副词与现代汉语副词的对比。对《老残游记》中的副词进行封闭性的共时描写和开放性的历时比较相结合的研究。结果发现,《老残游记》中的副词在现代汉语中的传承和使用有三种情况：第一,在现代汉语中还保持沿用的副词；第二,在现代汉语中已经消失的副词；第三,在现代汉语中改变用法的副词。然后采用定量分析与定性分析相结合,进行个案研究,具体分析《老残游记》中的副词在现代汉语中的发展及演变情况,以共时研究为点,以历时研究为线,通过点线结合,勾勒出这些副词从晚清以来的演变轨迹。我们侧重于副词在共时平面和历时比较中句法功能的变化,运用认知语言学、功能语言学等理论解释变化现象背后的动因。结论。主要对前面的研究进行总结。
[Abstract]:Liu e "travels of Laocan" is representative of the denunciative novels, historical archives is to recognize a human aesthetic society in late Qing Dynasty. It is not only China literary history of precious heritage, but also an important material for the study of Chinese lexical history.
The travels of Laocan < > in the adverb as the research object, through a comprehensive investigation and analysis of the adverbs, detailed description of the source and development of all kinds of adverbs, thus the basic features and characteristics of the times of Chinese adverbs in the late Qing Dynasty, in order to lay the foundation for the further development of research in the late Qing Dynasty and the whole Chinese adverb the evolution of the system, to provide reference for the study of the history of Chinese grammar.
This paper adopts the combination of description and explanation, the combination of synchronic study and diachronic research, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis and comparative research methods, research results using the grammar and the theory of predecessors, the travels of Laocan < > in the 515 adverbs use frequency, grammatical function, semantic co-occurrence. The order has made detailed description and explanation. The study found that "the travels of Laocan > adverbs in most commonly used words in Chinese, but some meaning and usage is different from the pre Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty, and different from the modern Chinese, is the meaning and usage of the late Qing Dynasty, has important research value, worthy of a comprehensive clean-up and this paper in-depth analysis. The special adverb phenomenon of detailed description and theory, in order to fully understand the modern Chinese adverb to provide reliable reference data in the late Qing Dynasty and the research, and further push from A study of the history of Chinese adverbs and the history of Chinese vocabulary.
The innovation of this paper is to clean up the adverbs in the old junk travel for the first time, establish adverb special corpus, and carry out closed research from the three planes of semantics, syntax and pragmatics, and then use cognitive linguistics and grammaticalization theory to explore the driving force of evolution.
This paper is composed of the following parts:
The first chapter mainly discusses the definition, introduction. Adverbs, adverbs and adverbs belonging to the secondary category of historical review, distinguish the principles and standards of Chinese adverbs and other lexical category, and explains the reason and meaning of research; brief introduction of "travels of Laocan" content, author and version, define the scope of the study of "travels of Laocan" Adverb research status quo; show the adverb, establish the corpus selection criteria, procedures and methods of operation, to establish the corpus.
The second chapter, the classification of adverb description. We learn from the classification standard and according to their predecessors, observation, analysis, combined with the actual situation of "travels of Laocan" corpus, the "travels of Laocan > adverbs make careful classification, a list of heads with the emergence of the frequency adverbs, contribute to the overall understanding of" travels of Laocan > adverbs. This article will study the corpus of adverbs are divided into adverbs, conjunctive adverb, time adverb, frequency adverb, scope adverb, degree adverb, negative adverb, concurrent adverbs, repetition adverbs and modal adverbs in ten categories. The typical and atypical category category and analysis of "travels of Laocan > adverbs then, to better understand the internal adverb class relevance and particularity and their functions.
The third chapter, to analysis the grammatical function and semantic adverbs. The first section first discusses "travels of Laocan" adverbs of grammatical function, found in late modern Chinese adverbs can freely modify single verb, adjective, can be freely modified verb structure, adjective noun structure, but also a modification the structure, quantity structure, fixed phrases and subject predicate structure. Section second semantic orientation analysis. The research results show that the "travels of Laocan > adverb semantic orientation includes two kinds of situations: anaphoric adverbs and adverb. After the third section discusses the" consistency and reasons of grammatical function and semantic travels of Laocan > adverbs. The fourth section points to the specific discuss the adverbs with "(to)".
The fourth chapter, adverbs and adverbial order. With only the first discussed the adverbs of < > in the travels of Laocan alone with the phenomenon that "rarely travels of Laocan > adverbs used alone, only 5. And then study the adverbs used in order, according to the former relevant adverbs sequence of research results, summed up. The basic order travels of Laocan" adverbs as: modal adverb, time adverb, adverb, relevance, adverbs of frequency range adverbs, degree adverbs, negative adverbs, adverbs, adverbs, repeated cooperative modal adverbs. In addition to the connection order, also appeared in some variable order, such as range adverbs, time adverbs. Modal adverbs, negative adverbs, time adverbs, negative adverbs, adverbs of degree.
In Chapter fifth, < contrast > in the travels of Laocan adverbs and adverbs in modern Chinese. Compare the combination of "travels of Laocan > adverbs in closed synchronic description and diachronic open. The results showed that the use of inheritance and" travels of Laocan > in the adverbs in modern Chinese there are three situations: first, in modern Chinese still used adverbs; second, have disappeared in the modern Chinese adverb; third, change the usage of adverbs in modern Chinese. Then by means of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, case study, detailed analysis of "travels of Laocan > adverbs in development and the evolution in modern Chinese, based on synchronic, diachronic study in line with the combination of point and line, outlines the evolution of these adverbs from the late Qing Dynasty. We focus on the adverbs in the synchronic and diachronic comparison in the syntactic function of the variable It uses cognitive linguistics and functional linguistics to explain the motivation behind the change phenomenon.
Conclusion. A summary of the previous studies was made.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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