《元刊杂剧三十种》比较句研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 01:05

本文选题：《元刊杂剧三十种》　切入点：平比　出处：《温州大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以《元刊杂剧三十种》为研究对象，对其中的比较句式进行了穷尽性的调查和描写。我们将《杂剧》比较句分为平比句和差比句，运用描写与解释相结合的方法，深入分析了各类比较句式的结构特点和表义功能，并通过历时比较进一步揭示《杂剧》比较句的特点及其在近代汉语比较句发展史上的过渡地位。《杂剧》中平比句数量丰富，结构复杂。按照标记的数量可分为前单标记平比句、后单标记平比句和双标记平比句。从比较标记来看，主要有“如”、“似”、“若”、“般”、“样”等，，其中比较标记“如”和“似”的复合形式较为丰富。从句式上看，平比句出现很多新的句式，如“XY般W”、“XY似/也似W”等。从使用频率来看，“若”字句由于文言色彩较浓已逐渐消亡，而“似”类平比句的数量急剧上升，使得其比较标记的地位进一步加强。从句法功能来看，唐宋时期平比结构主要在句中作谓语、状语和补语，而《杂剧》中开始有了作定语的用法，并且平比结构的作用更加复杂，出现了多种用法叠加的情况。此外，我们还着重探讨了“X比Y”式、“来”字句等的来源问题。《杂剧》中差比句类型丰富。按照语义可分为胜过句、不及句和异比句。从比较标记来看，主要有“如”、“似”、“过”、“比”、“不及”等，其表达形式也十分丰富，既有肯定式和否定式，还有反诘式和疑问式。句式上，基本沿用旧的差比句式，同时也产生了新的差比句式，如“XW过Y”式、“X比Y难同”式等。从使用频率看，以不及句为主，其中盛行比较句史的“于”字差比句消失于历史舞台。从比较结果来看，W既可以出现于Y后，还可出现于X与Y之间，也可出现于复合式比较标记之间。此外，我们着重探讨了“比”字句中“比”是否完全虚化为介词、如何区分“XW如/似Y”式表平比还是差比等问题。
[Abstract]:This paper takes 30 kinds of Yuan Zaju as the research object, and makes an exhaustive investigation and description of the comparative sentence patterns.In this paper, we divide the comparative sentences of Zaju into plain and differential sentences. By using the method of combining description with explanation, we deeply analyze the structural characteristics and semantic functions of all kinds of comparative sentences.Through diachronic comparison, it further reveals the characteristics of comparative sentences in Zaju and their transitional position in the development of comparative sentences in modern Chinese.Zaju is rich in quantity and complex in structure.According to the number of markers, they can be divided into the former single marker equality comparison sentence, the second single marker equality comparison sentence and the double marker level comparison sentence.In terms of comparative markers, there are mainly "such", "like", "if", "general", "like", and so on, among which the composite forms of comparative marks such as "like" and "like" are more abundant.From the perspective of sentence structure, there are many new sentence patterns, such as "XY like W", "XY like / similar to W" and so on.In terms of the frequency of use, the word "Ruo" has gradually died out because of the strong color of classical Chinese, while the number of "like" sentence has risen sharply, which further strengthens its position as a comparative marker.From the perspective of syntactic function, in Tang and Song dynasties, the Pingbi structure was mainly used as predicate, adverbial and complement in sentences, while in Zaju, the usage of attributive was started, and the function of equality was more complex than that of structure, and there were many cases of superposition of usage.In addition, we also discuss the source of "X than Y", "Lai" and so on.Zaju is more varied than sentence types.According to the semantics, it can be divided into superior sentence, inferior sentence and dissimilar sentence.In terms of comparative markers, there are mainly "such as", "like", "over", "than", "not enough" and so on, and the forms of expression are also very rich, both positive and negative, as well as cross-examination and interrogative.In sentence structure, the old difference ratio sentence pattern is basically followed, and a new difference ratio sentence pattern is also produced, such as "XW over Y" type, "X is difficult to match Y" type and so on.In terms of frequency of use, it is less than sentence, in which "Yu" of comparative sentence history vanishes in historical stage.From the results of comparison, it can be seen that W can appear after Y, between X and Y, and between compound comparative markers.In addition, we mainly discuss whether "bi" in "bi" sentence is completely empty as a preposition, and how to distinguish "XW like Y" from "XW / like Y" and so on.
【学位授予单位】：温州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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