礼貌原则在中美国务院发言人答记者问中的应用对比分析

发布时间：2018-04-06 07:04

本文选题：礼貌原则　切入点：答记者问　出处：《山东师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：礼貌是判断在一定文化中的人们的言语行为的一种社会标尺，是人类文明的标志，是人类社会活动的一条准绳，同样也是成功交际的载体。作为一种普遍的社会现象，礼貌存在于各种语言形式、各种文化中。随着各国经济水平的不断提高以及全球化趋势的发展各个国家的交流也日益频繁。礼貌原则的使用就显得尤其重要。其在语言使用中的重要性已得到了普遍的认可。同时，作为一种普遍的现象，礼貌原则在交际中也起着重要的作用。它制约着人们的言行，使人们的社会关系和交际活动能够协调。然而，对于礼貌原则的分析不能脱离了语境。因此，为了得到可信赖的结论，必须把其置于一定的相关的文本中进行分析。目前，发言人答记者问在世界范围内具有非常重要的影响和深远的意义。它不仅吸引了许多语言学家甚至是历史学家，政治家和科学家的注意。在过去的几十年当中，大多数学者主要从内容分析以及文体学的角度对新闻发言人答记者问进行研究。然而，我们认为从其他领域对答记者问的研究也应该得到相应的重视。根据作者初步观察，语用学中的礼貌原则，作为重要的语用手段之一，常常在答记者问中起到十分重要的作用。作者认为，答记者问，作为一种交际手段，自然也包含了礼貌原则的使用。因此，本文以利奇的礼貌原则为基础，通过分析中美两国国务院新闻发言人答记者问中的礼貌原则的使用，探讨答记者问中礼貌原则的使用效果，得出一些在进行对外交流时的启示。本文主要使用了三个研究方法：定量分析、定性分析以及对比分析的方法。具体来讲，，用定量的方法进行材料的搜集，并用定性的方法进行材料的分析。根据对礼貌原则的理解，在一定的语言结构的基础上，作者发现礼貌原则在一定的情景中发挥着至关重要的作用。本着严谨的态度，作者一共选取了60篇答记者问材料，中英文各30篇。60篇材料全部来自于两国的政府网站。首先，作者选择了中国和美国国务院新闻发言人的答记者问这一个特定的语境，在此基础上进行分析，这样可以获得更具体、更有说服力的结果。其次，作者对中国和美国国务院发言人的答记者问做了比较研究，并试图找出相似之处以及差异。第三，作者试图讨论礼貌原则在答记者问中的应用以及达到的效果。最后，基于对这些准则的分析，本文还得出一些结论和启示。作者希望这项研究可以帮助人们理解和掌握使用自己的语言，也期望能够给新闻发言人提供一些方式。与此同时，本文可以从一个新的角度来理解发言人的答记者问并为中美两国之间的成功交流提供一个有效途径。
[Abstract]:Politeness is a kind of social standard to judge the speech act of people in a certain culture. It is a symbol of human civilization, a criterion of human social activities, and also a carrier of successful communication.As a universal social phenomenon, politeness exists in all kinds of language forms and cultures.With the development of economic level and globalization, exchanges between different countries are becoming more and more frequent.The use of the politeness principle is particularly important.Its importance in the use of language has been widely recognized.At the same time, as a common phenomenon, politeness principle also plays an important role in communication.It restricts people's words and deeds, and makes people's social relations and communication activities coordinate.However, the analysis of politeness principle cannot be divorced from context.Therefore, in order to obtain reliable conclusions, we must analyze them in some relevant texts.At present, the spokesman answered questions in the world has a very important impact and far-reaching significance.It not only attracts the attention of many linguists, even historians, politicians and scientists.In the past few decades, most scholars have studied the press spokesman's response to reporters' questions from the perspective of content analysis and stylistics.However, we think that the research of answering reporters' questions from other fields should also be paid attention to.According to the author's preliminary observation, the politeness principle in pragmatics, as one of the important pragmatic means, often plays an important role in answering reporters' questions.The author believes that, as a means of communication, the use of politeness principle is naturally included.Therefore, on the basis of Leech's politeness principle, this paper analyzes the use of politeness principle in answering reporters' questions by Chinese and American State Department press spokesmen, and discusses the effect of the politeness principle in answering reporters' questions.Get some enlightenment in the foreign exchange.This paper mainly uses three research methods: quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis and comparative analysis.Specifically, quantitative methods are used to collect materials and qualitative methods are used to analyze materials.Based on the understanding of politeness principle and on the basis of certain language structure, the author finds that politeness principle plays an important role in certain situations.In a strict attitude, the author selected a total of 60 papers in response to reporters' questions, 30 articles in both Chinese and English. 60 materials all came from the government websites of the two countries.First of all, the author chooses the Chinese and US State Department spokesmen to answer questions in this particular context, on the basis of this analysis, we can obtain more concrete and persuasive results.Secondly, the author makes a comparative study of the Chinese and American State Department spokesmen and tries to find out the similarities and differences.Thirdly, the author tries to discuss the application and effect of politeness principle in answering reporters' questions.Finally, based on the analysis of these criteria, some conclusions and revelations are drawn.The authors hope that the study will help people understand and master their own language and provide a way for press spokesmen.At the same time, this paper can understand the spokesman's questions from a new perspective and provide an effective way for the successful communication between China and the United States.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H313;H136

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