清徐方言中的句末助词“来”

发布时间：2018-04-09 16:29

本文选题：清徐方言　切入点：“来”　出处：《哈尔滨师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：句末助词“来”是一个具有方言特色的词，它在现代汉语普通话中已经不存在了，但是仍然活跃在不同的方言区中。在清徐方言中,我们通过对语料的收集和分析,认为句末助词“来”有着它独特的特点，这些特点成为我们研究的切入点，希望通过本文的分析能将全面分析清徐方言中的句末助词“来”，给方言的研究、普通话的研究提供一个新的视角。首先，论文对“来”进行了位置的描写，，使我们更加明确了“来”的性质首先就是一个句末助词。前人对“来”的分类很详细，但是并不一定符合清徐方言中的“来”，因此我们结合它自身的功能意义，借鉴前人对“来”分类的方法，最终确定了清徐方言中句末助词“来”的分类。其次，论文对“来”的两大类进行分别描写。句末助词“来”的主要用法是事态助词，因此重点描写事态助词“来”的产生与发展、功能与意义、与普通话中类似功能词的比较、与“来”相关的形式，以及由“来”继续发展产生的“来着”，通过详细的描写、分析和比较我们全面地认识了作为事态助词的“来”。作为语气助词的“来”是句末助词“来”的另一个用法。尽管作为事态助词的“来”也有语气意义，但我们认为语气意义不是它的主要用法，所以我们选择只有语气意义的“来”作为分类。关于语气助词“来”的研究，我们也从几个方面进行，包括他的产生及发展、使用时需要注意的限制条件以及功能意义。目前对与普通话不同的“来”的研究大多集中在它的语法化过程上，对它语法化过程之后的共时发展相对关注的较少，因此如何使用它，尤其在清徐方言中它的使用会不会受到一些限制就成为了一个很好的话题；清徐方言中的“来”还存在几个与它相关的形式，尽管在其他方言中我们可以看到“来”或许有相类似的用法，但这几个相关的形式却是别的方言复制不来的；光说到“来”和“去”的时候，我们知道它们是一对反义词，在普通话中存在着二者使用不对称的情况，同样清徐方言中也存在二者使用的不对称，这也是前人未曾涉及的；前人的研究中，有把“来”作为语气助词的，但是我们看到，作为语气助词的“来”和作为事态助词的“来”用法几乎是一样的，只不过是把事态助词“来”可以表示的语气放大了，而本文提到的语气助词“来”是和事态助词“来”完全不一样的一种类型。本文旨在前人研究的基础上，探寻属于清徐方言中的句末助词“来”的独特之处。
[Abstract]:The final auxiliary word "Lai" is a word with the characteristics of dialect. It no longer exists in Putonghua in modern Chinese, but it is still active in different dialect areas.In Qingxu dialect, through the collection and analysis of the corpus, we think that the auxiliary word "come" at the end of sentence has its unique characteristics, these characteristics become the breakthrough point of our research.It is hoped that the analysis of the final auxiliary word in Qingxu dialect can provide a new perspective for the study of dialect and the study of Putonghua.First of all, the thesis describes the position of "Lai", which makes us more clear that the nature of "Lai" is first a final auxiliary word.The classification of "Lai" by predecessors is very detailed, but it does not necessarily conform to the "Lai" in Qingxu dialect. Therefore, we combine its own functional significance and learn from the methods used by predecessors to classify "Lai".Finally, the classification of the final auxiliary word "Lai" in Qingxu dialect is determined.Secondly, the paper describes the two categories of "Lai" separately.The main usage of the auxiliary word "Lai" at the end of sentence is the auxiliary word of the state of affairs, so it focuses on describing the emergence and development, function and meaning of the auxiliary word "Lai", the comparison with similar functional words in Mandarin, and the forms related to "Lai".Through detailed description, analysis and comparison, we fully understand "come" as an auxiliary word of state of affairs."Lai", as a modal auxiliary, is another use of "Lai" at the end of a sentence.Although "Lai", as a state of affairs auxiliary, also has modal meaning, we think that modal meaning is not its main usage, so we choose "come", which has only modal meaning, as the classification.As for the study of the modal auxiliary "Lai", we also do it from several aspects, including its emergence and development, the limitations and functional significance that should be paid attention to when using it.At present, most of the studies on "Lai", which are different from Putonghua, focus on its grammaticalization process, but less attention is paid to the synchronic development after its grammaticalization process, so how to use it?Especially in Qingxu dialect, whether or not its use will be restricted has become a good topic; there are several forms of "Lai" in Qingxu dialect.Although we can see that "Lai" may have similar uses in other dialects, these related forms cannot be copied by other dialects; when we speak of "come" and "go", we know that they are a pair of antonyms.In Putonghua, there are asymmetries in the use of both, as well as in Qingxu dialect, which has not been involved in previous studies, but we see that "Lai" is regarded as a modal auxiliary in previous studies.The use of "come" as a modal auxiliary is almost the same as that of "come" as a state of affairs auxiliary, but it merely amplifies the tone in which the word "come" can be expressed.The modal auxiliary mentioned in this paper is completely different from the situation auxiliary.On the basis of previous studies, this paper explores the unique features of the final auxiliary word "Lai" in Qingxu dialect.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H172.2

【相似文献】