英汉儿童早期否定误用现象对比研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 09:55

本文选题：说英语儿童 + 说汉语儿童　；参考：《长沙理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：对否定的习得是儿童语言习得中很重要的一个方面，儿童对否定意义的理解很早，儿童早在一岁半时就习得了否定范畴的概念，在独词句阶段，幼儿对自己不喜欢的玩具、食物、人等就学会了拒绝，比如哭叫、摆手、扭身、摇头等，但否定标记的使用则至少出现在双词句阶段(大多数儿童为一岁零六个月左右)。双词句阶段到四周岁期间，受语言输入因素的影响，很多儿童在使用否定标记时出现种种有规律的误用现象，这是儿童早期否定习得过程中的一个有趣的现象。本课题运用个案跟踪调查法、实验研究法、数理统计法、文献资料法，对长期跟踪调查的两名说汉语儿童MHR(01;03;26-05;04;26)和ZHZ(00;10;19-05;07;09)语料中选取59个对称观察点，将儿童早期否定误用的情况分为三类：分工误用、句法误用和语义误用，并对儿童早期否定误用的总体情况，对各类误用的始现时间、频率和特征进行研究。对来自Brown语料库的ADA(02;03;04-05;02;12)和SAR(02;03;05-05;00;10)两名说英语儿童的语料进行同上分析；同时对说汉语儿童和说英语儿童的否定误用情况进行跨语言对比研究，探讨其早期否定误用现象的相似性和差异性，并分析其形成原因。研究结果表明:（1）儿童早在一岁半时就习得了否定范畴的概念，且“不”早于“没（有）”习得；虽然否定的初现时间存在个体差异，但他们对不同否定词的习得顺序是一致的。（2）儿童在否定词使用过程中，否定词“不”的使用频率都明显高于“没（有）”的使用频率。（3）儿童在早期否定习得过程中存在语言误用现象；“没有”的使用正确率高于“不”。（4）儿童否定误用有章可循，其主要误用类型有分工误用、句法误用和语义误用三大类。在误用频率方面，语用误用大于句法误用和分工误用。（5）儿童否定标记的误用以2岁半为界点，，2岁半前一半为位置及分工错误；2岁半后一般为句式或语气搭配等更复杂的误用。儿童否定误用的发展与儿童的年龄、认知能力、语言复杂性、语言输入差异和输入频率有关。
[Abstract]:The acquisition of negation is an important aspect of children's language acquisition. Children understand the meaning of negation very early. Children have learned the concept of negative category as early as one and a half years. In the single phrase stage, children learn to reject the toys, food and people they do not like, such as crying, shaking hands, twisting and shaking their heads, but negating the mark. The use of the words is at least in the two phrase phrase stage (most children are about 06 months of the age of one year). During the period of two words to the age of four, many children appear to be misused regularly when they are influenced by language input factors, which are an interesting phenomenon in the process of early childhood negative acquisition.
This subject uses case tracking investigation, experimental research, mathematical statistics, and documentation, and selects 59 symmetrical observation points in the language of two Chinese children, MHR (01; 03; 26-05; 04; 26) and ZHZ (00; 10; 19-05; 07; 09) in the long-term tracking survey, and divides the children's early negative misuses into three categories: Division of labor, syntactic misuse and semantics Misuse, and the overall situation of early denial of misuse of children, research on the time, frequency and characteristics of all kinds of misuse. Brown corpus of ADA (02; 03; 04-05; 02; 12) and SAR (02; 03; 05-05; 00; 10) two words of English children are analyzed in the same analysis; and the negative misuse of Chinese children and English speaking children Cross language comparative study is conducted to explore the similarities and differences of early negative misuse and analyze the reasons for its formation.
The results show that: (1) children have learned the concept of negative category as early as one and a half years, and "no" earlier than "no" acquisition; although there are individual differences in the initial time of negation, they are consistent in the acquisition order of different negative words. (2) the frequency of the use of negative words "no" is clear in the process of the use of words for children. The frequency of use of "no" is significantly higher than that of "no". (3) there is a phenomenon of language misuse in children's early negative acquisition; the use of "no" is more correct than "no". (4) children's negative misuse is written in three categories: misuse of labor, syntactic misuse and semantic misuse. In the frequency of misuse, pragmatic misuse is greater than Syntactic misuse and division of labor misuse. (5) the misuse of children's negative markers is 2 and a half year and a half as the boundary point, 2 and a half year and half years are wrong in position and division of labor; after 2 and a half years, it is usually more complex misuse, such as sentence pattern or tone collocation.
The development of children's negative misuse is related to children's age, cognitive ability, language complexity, language input difference and input frequency.

【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H319;H193.1

【参考文献】