英汉小句的句法比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 09:34

本文选题：小句 + IP分析法　；参考：《中南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：自从20世纪80年代以来,英汉小句成为国内外语言学家研究的一个重点,致力于研究汉语小句和英语小句的学者不胜枚举。然而,将二者结合、对比分析其异同的研究并不多见。本文首先从小句的界定、分类找到英汉小句的异同点。英汉小句都是具有主谓关系、缺乏时态特征的语法范畴；根据小句谓词的词性,英汉小句都可以分为形容词性小句、名词性小句、介词性小句以及动词性小句。然而,汉语小句是动态单位,包含语调；英语小句是静态单位,不包含语调。语调是区别汉语小句的关键因素。随后,通过综述国内外学者对英汉小句句法范畴的分析,如Stowell的XP分析法,Radford和Rothstein的SC分析法,Aarts和Culicover的IP分析法,周敏的TP分析法等,归纳总结出IP分析法可以同时解决英语小句和汉语小句的语法范畴问题。本文在Culicover的分析基础上,认为英汉小句是以一个弱的隐性屈折词I(defective inflection)为中心的最大投射。为了分析小句的生成,本文用到了题元理论、格理论、X-阶标理论、动词壳理论以及VP内部主语假设理论。根据题元理论,本文认为小句作为一个整体得到了主句动词赋予的题元角色,小句的谓语赋予小句主语题元角色。根据VP内部主语假设和谓语赋予主语题元角色的原则,本文认为小句的主语在小句谓词XP内部生成,为了获取格而提升到IP或IP的标志语位置。最后,论文重点对比分析了ECM结构、SVOC结构、提升结构和双宾结构中英汉小句的生成过程。大多数情况下,英汉小句的生成过程相似甚至相同。然而,在SVOC结构中,汉语小句的生成与英语小句存在些微不同。在结果性小句和描述性结构中,汉语小句的谓词与主句动词合并成复合动词,共同作用于整个句子,不过依然可以用IP分析法解释其生成过程。本文从小句的界定、语法范畴和生成等方面寻找英汉小句的共同点,说明语言结构本质上具有某些共同特征,进一步证实了Chomsky的生成语法是普遍语法。
[Abstract]:Since the 1980s, English and Chinese clauses have become a focus of linguists at home and abroad, and there are too many scholars devoted to Chinese clauses and English clauses. However, the combination of the two, comparative analysis of their similarities and differences are rare. Firstly, this paper finds the similarities and differences between English and Chinese clauses from the definition and classification of clauses. Both English and Chinese clauses are grammatical categories with subject-predicate relationship and lack of tenses. According to the predicates of clauses, English and Chinese clauses can be divided into adjective clauses, noun clauses, prepositional clauses and verb clauses. However, Chinese clauses are dynamic units that contain intonation; English clauses are static units and do not contain intonation. Intonation is the key factor in distinguishing Chinese clauses. Then, by summarizing the analysis of English and Chinese sentence categories by domestic and foreign scholars, such as Stowell's XP analysis, Rothstein's SC analysis, Culicover's IP analysis, Zhou Min's TP analysis, etc. It is concluded that IP analysis can solve the grammatical category problems of both English clauses and Chinese clauses. Based on the analysis of Culicover, this paper holds that English and Chinese clauses are the largest projection centered on a weak implicit inflection word I(defective inflection. In order to analyze the generation of clauses, this paper uses the theory of question meta-theory, the theory of case theory, the theory of verb shell and the theory of VP's internal subject hypothesis. According to the theory of question element, this paper holds that clause as a whole has the role of subject element given by the verb of the subject sentence, and the predicate of clause sentence gives the subject element role of the clause sentence. According to the assumption of VP's internal subject and the principle that the predicate endows the subject with the role of the subject, this paper holds that the subject of the clause is generated within the predicate XP of the clause and is promoted to the position of IP or the marker of IP in order to obtain the case. Finally, the thesis focuses on the comparative analysis of the generation process of English and Chinese clauses in ECM structure, lifting structure and double object structure. In most cases, English and Chinese clauses are generated in the same or even the same way. However, in the SVOC structure, the generation of Chinese clauses is slightly different from that of English clauses. In the resultant clause and descriptive structure, the predicate of Chinese clause and the verb of main sentence are combined to form compound verb, which acts on the whole sentence together, but it can still be explained by IP method. This paper explores the common features of English and Chinese clauses in terms of the definition, grammatical category and generation of clauses, explains that the language structure has some common features, and further proves that the generative grammar of Chomsky is a universal grammar.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146;H314

【参考文献】