塔吉克斯坦留学生汉语一级元音的声学分析

发布时间：2018-05-06 07:08

本文选题：塔吉克斯坦留学生 + 汉语一级元音　；参考：《新疆师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：在汉语拼音中元音占有一定的优势，是音节的灵魂。一个音节可以没有辅音，但是不能没有元音。单元音是元音最基本的要素，单元音可以自成音节。发准单元音是发准复元音的先决条件，发准元音也是发准辅音的关键因素，因为在汉语拼音中，辅音本身是不发声的，而是根据发音部位与元音相拼形成的①。本文采用praat声学软件,针对不同汉语程度的20名来疆塔吉克斯坦留学生汉语一级元音的发音特点，结合偏误分析的原理进行分析，得出产生偏误的元音，并提出相应的教学对策。本文共分为五个部分。第一部分为引言，介绍了本研究的选题背景、选题的目的和意义，以及相关的文献综述，综述包括本文的概念界定、理论基础、中国和国外关于汉语作为第二语言学习的声学分析研究；第二部分为研究设计，从研究被试选取、研究工具和调查实施三个方面介绍了本文的三个实验，即塔吉克斯坦留学生和中国学生一级元音发音对比实验，塔吉克斯坦留学生习得汉语一级元音的过程实验和塔吉克斯坦留学生习得汉语一级元音时形成偏误的原因实验；第三部分为实验结果分析，借助praat软件和spss软件分析实验一和实验二；第四部分为偏误分析，从母语的负迁移、课堂训练的偏误、学生的学习态度和教材编写四个方面进行分析；第五部分为对策，对学生进行访谈补充调查的方法之后，从课堂的教学对策、学生的学习对策和教材的编写对策入手加以分析，其中教学对策从教授汉语一级元音的时间、顺序和教学方法三个方面入手，提出相应的教学对策。实验一结果显示：初级汉语水平的塔吉克斯坦留学生在汉语一级元音的习得方面存在一定的偏误。实验二结果显示：塔吉克斯坦留学生在习得汉语一级元音时会出现四种情况，一是学生在学习初期就掌握了发音技巧，并将这种状态一直延续到最后；二是学生在学习初级没有完全掌握发音技巧，并且形成“石化”现象；三是学生在学习初期虽然没有掌握好发音技巧，但随着时间推移，情况有所改善，和中国学生相比基本没有差异性；四是学生在学习初期没有掌握好发音技巧，随着时间推移，情况虽然有所改善，但和中国学生依然有很大的差异性。实验三访谈结果显示：留学生在习得汉语一级元音时会受到母语的干扰，会受到教师对目的语现象不恰当训练的影响，，学生学习态度的影响以及教材的影响。
[Abstract]:Vowels are the soul of syllables. A syllable can have no consonant, but not a vowel. Unit sound is the most basic element of vowel, unit sound can form its own syllable. Quoting unit sound is the precondition of quasi-vowel, and quasi vowel is also the key factor of quoting consonant, because in Chinese phonetic, consonant itself is not sound, but according to pronunciation place and vowel form 1. In this paper, praat acoustics software is used to analyze the pronunciation characteristics of the first class vowels of 20 foreign students from Tajikistan with different degrees of Chinese, combined with the principle of error analysis, and the vowels that produce errors are obtained. And put forward the corresponding teaching countermeasures. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction, which introduces the background, the purpose and significance of the topic, as well as the related literature review, including the definition of the concept of this paper, theoretical basis, The second part is the research design, which introduces the three experiments in this paper from the following three aspects: the selection of the subjects, the research tools and the implementation of the investigation. That is, the comparative experiment of the first class vowel pronunciation between the Tajik students and the Chinese students, the process experiment of the acquisition of the first class vowel sound of the Tajik students and the experiment of the causes of the errors in the acquisition of the first class vowels of the Tajik students; The third part is the analysis of experimental results, with the help of praat software and spss software to analyze the experiment I and experiment II, the fourth part is error analysis, from the mother tongue negative transfer, classroom training errors, The fifth part is the countermeasures, the methods of interview and supplementary investigation to the students, starting with the classroom teaching strategies, the students' learning strategies and the textbook compiling countermeasures. The teaching countermeasures are put forward from three aspects: the time, order and teaching method of teaching Chinese vowels. The results of experiment 1 show that there are some errors in the acquisition of Chinese vowels. The results of experiment two show that there are four situations in the acquisition of Chinese vowels by Tajik students. One is that students master pronunciation skills at the beginning of their study and continue this state to the last. Second, the students did not fully master pronunciation skills at the beginning of their study, and the phenomenon of "fossilization" formed; third, although students did not master the pronunciation skills well in the early stages of study, the situation improved with the passage of time. Compared with Chinese students, there is no difference; fourth, students do not master good pronunciation skills at the beginning of learning. With the passage of time, the situation has improved, but there is still a great difference with Chinese students. The results of the experiment 3 show that the foreign students will be interfered by their mother tongue when they acquire the first vowels of Chinese, the teachers' improper training of the target language phenomenon, the influence of the students' learning attitude and the influence of the textbooks.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195

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