《墨经》和《公孙龙子》语言思想比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 12:27

本文选题：《墨经》 + 《公孙龙子》　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：语言学是一门既古老又年轻的学科。中国语言学的发展,从所谓的“语文学”到现代语言学建立,经历了漫长的历史过程。何九盈先生认为,语文学和语言学并存于古代和现代,这种观点得到了很多语言学者的赞同。我国早期语言学思想,伴随着“名实关系”的论争,开始萌芽并发展。而这场论争,又在墨家和名家的争论中达到高潮。以“名实关系”问题为核心,墨家和名家两个学派就一些问题,展开过一场盛极一时的大辩论。本文研究《墨经》和《公孙龙子》中的语言思想,并采用比较的方法,对比两家对同一语言问题的不同看法。文章分为三部分,系统地对《墨经》和《公孙龙子》语言思想进行比较。第一部分为第一章绪论,对《墨经》和墨子以及《公孙龙子》和公孙龙进行介绍,简述研究现状以及论文的研究意义,并对研究材料进行说明。第二部分是文章的重点,从不同角度对《墨经》和《公孙龙子》的语言思想进行比较,分为三章。第二章,从语言符号和语言哲学的方面进行比较。梳理两书对于“名实”概念的不同认识,对“名实”关系的不同见解。指出两书中“白马非马”“坚白论”的不同之处,以及两书对“指”的不同看法。《墨经》认为,“名”是语言符号的“形式”和“内容”统一体,而“实”是客观事物。在“名实”关系上,《墨经》认为“以名举实”。《公孙龙子》认为,“名”是语言符号的形式,“实”是语言符号的内容。对于“名实”关系,《公孙龙子》认为,“名实位”一一对应。对语言和世界的关系“指物”,《墨经》认识到了语言可以认识外在的事物,是人们认识事物的工具。《公孙龙子》的“指物”即认识到了,语言是认识事物的工具,也认识到了外物是“概念”的来源。第三章,从语词术语和语言应用思想的角度进行比较。指出两书中语词术语的各自名称和特点,分析两书中的语言观念。《墨经》的思考范围,相较《公孙龙子》来看更加广泛。既有语词概念结构的“兼”,也有对“名”的分类,甚至还涉及到了句型。《公孙龙子》虽然涉及的范围相对狭窄,但是相较《墨经》思考得更加成熟。认识到了“词”和“短语”在结构上的区别。第四章,从思想源流方面进行比较。分别梳理两部著作的思想源流状况,其中涉及到了先秦时期不同学者对相关问题的看法。《墨经》从语言角度看“名实”问题,具有开创性意义,影响了尹文子、荀子、韩非子、申子、公孙龙等人思考“名实”问题的角度。相较之下,《公孙龙子》只是在当时影响比较大,和各家各派进行了广泛的论辩。由于种种原因,最终成为绝学。文章的第三部分是结语。集中概括文章的研究成果,并对文章的理论意义和实际意义进行说明。
[Abstract]:Linguistics is an old and young subject. The development of Chinese linguistics has gone through a long historical process from the so-called "language literature" to the establishment of modern linguistics. He Jiuying thinks that language and linguistics coexist in ancient and modern times, which is agreed by many linguists. The early linguistic thought of our country began to sprout and develop along with the argument of "the relation between name and substance". And this controversy, in Mohism and famous in the controversy reached a climax. With the relation between name and substance as the core, Mohist school and famous school launched a great debate on some problems. This paper studies the linguistic ideas in Mojing and Gongsun Longzi, and compares their different views on the same language problem by means of comparison. The article is divided into three parts, systematically compares the language thoughts of Mosuo Classic and Gong Sun long Zi. The first part is the introduction of the first chapter, which introduces Mosuo Classic and Mozi, Gongsun long Zi and Gong Sunlong, briefly describes the research status and the significance of the paper, and explains the research materials. The second part is the focus of the article, from different angles to compare the language thoughts of Mo Jing and Gong Sun long Zi, which are divided into three chapters. The second chapter compares linguistic symbols with linguistic philosophy. Combing the different understanding of the concept of "name and substance" and the different views on the relationship between "name and substance" in the two books. This paper points out the differences between the white horse and the horse in the two books, and the different views of the two books on "pointing". According to the Mosutra, "name" is the unity of "form" and "content" of language symbols, while "reality" is an objective thing. In the relation of "name and substance", Mosuo Sutra thinks that "name" is the form of language symbol and "reality" is the content of language symbol, and "name" is the form of language symbol, and "Gong Sun long Zi" thinks that "name" is the form of language symbol and "reality" is the content of language symbol. For the relation of name and reality, Gongsun Longzi thinks that the one-to-one correspondence between the name and the real bit. With regard to the relationship between language and the world, the Mojing recognizes that language can understand external things and is a tool for people to understand things. "pointing to things" in "Gongsun long Zi" means that language is a tool for understanding things. It is also recognized that external objects are the source of the concept. The third chapter, from the word term and the language application thought angle carries on the comparison. This paper points out the respective names and characteristics of the terms in the two books and analyzes the linguistic concepts in the two books. The scope of thinking in Mosuo Jing is more extensive than that in Gong Sun long Zi. Although the scope of Gongsun Longzi is relatively narrow, it is more mature than the Mosuo Classic. Recognize the structural differences between words and phrases. The fourth chapter, from the ideological source of comparison. Combing the ideological origin of the two works respectively, which involves the views of different scholars on related issues in the pre-Qin period. From the perspective of language, it is of pioneering significance and has affected Yin Wenzi, Xunzi and Han Feizi. Shen Zi, Gong Sun long and others think about the problem of "name and reality" from the angle. By contrast, Gongsun long had a great influence at that time, and had a wide range of arguments with various factions. For a variety of reasons, it eventually became an absolute learning. The third part of the article is the conclusion. Summarize the research results of the article, and explain the theoretical and practical significance of the article.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H0

【参考文献】