汉语方言否定范畴比较研究
本文选题:汉语方言否定 + 否定标记 ; 参考:《华中师范大学》2013年博士论文
【摘要】:汉语否定的研究,多数成果集中于现代汉语普通话和古代汉语两个方面,而基于方言,从“整体汉语”角度进行的系统研究较为缺乏。不进行系统的比较研究,很难发现方言与普通话呈现的整体共性,以及跨方言之间、方言与普通话之间的共性与差异。本文试图站在“整体汉语”的角度,结合现有语料,选取否定中一些有代表性的问题,围绕这些问题对否定进行专题研究。全文共八章,各部分的主要内容如下: (一)引论。指出了本文研究的理论背景,对否定的研究成果进行了较为全面的梳理和评述,并说明了本文所使用的研究方法、研究思路以及语料来源。 (二)否定概说。首先指明否定的涵义以及语法学界对否定的普遍界定,规定了本文所要涉及的否定内容。然后对否定的类型、肯定与否定的区别与联系、肯定与否定的不对称、否定的跨级性等问题进行了综合论述。 (三)否定形式。这一章选取现代汉语普通话中最常用的三个否定标记词“不”、“没”、“别”为研究对象,关注的问题主要体现在以下几个方面:“不”、“没”、“别”类词在方言中的基本类型和地域分布;方言中“不”、“没”、“别”类词区别于普通话的特殊用法;方言否定动词“没”与否定副词“没”的对应关系;方言否定形式的多样性(多对一:多种形式对应一种否定意义)和多义性(一对多:一种形式表达多种否定意义);方言否定叹词的使用情况。 (四)否定与疑问。把否定与疑问相联系,首先论述了是非问、特指问等疑问类型同否定的相通性,否定是反复问构成的重要手段,反复问与否定关系密切,本章重点关注反复问句,讨论的问题主要有:以否定词煞尾的反复问的地域分布;反复问句末否定词的虚实及其与是非问的关系。本章还顺带总结了各种反复问(尤其是带有否定形式的)类型的地域分布、用法特点等问题。 (五)否定的指向。首先介绍了否定的指向、右项原则等基本概念,重点讨论否定的指向性问题,结合大量方言材料说明,否定不仅可以是对否定标记右侧成分的否定,也可以指向否定标记左侧的成分。 (六)能性和比较结构的否定形式序列。我们以句子的谓词为中心,根据否定形式“不”、“没”与谓词的位置关系,把含有“不”、“没”的能性结构划分为两种类型的结构序列,分别是谓前能性否定结构序列与谓后能性否定结构序列。主要讨论的问题包括有:1、单个动词“V”的能性否定结构序列。2、动宾“V+0”的能性否定结构序列。3、动补“V+C”的能性否定结构序列。4、动宾补“V+C+O”的能性否定结构序列。5、述补结构中“不”、“没”的位置比较。本章还讨论了比较结构的否定形式序列。 (七)否定词的历时考察。本章我们综合归纳了“不”、“没”、“别”、“非”类否定词的历时演变情况,从“古——方”考辨的角度,考察了其在方言与古代汉语中的对应性关系,并研究了古代汉语否定副词的形义分配问题。 (八)结语。总结全文,指出本文的基本认识,取得的主要成绩与不足之处,并提出了今后值得继续探讨的课题。
[Abstract]:In the study of Chinese negation, most of the results are concentrated in two aspects of modern Chinese and ancient Chinese, while the systematic research on the "whole Chinese" is relatively lack based on dialects. It is difficult to find the general commonness between dialect and Putonghua without systematic comparative study. In this paper, we try to choose some representative questions in the negative of "the whole Chinese" from the point of view of the present corpus, and make a special study on the negation. The full text is eight chapters, the main contents of each part are as follows:
(1) introduction. It points out the theoretical background of this study, reviews and reviews the negative research results in a more comprehensive way, and explains the research methods used in this paper, the research ideas and the source of the corpus.
(two) the negation of the generality. First, the meaning of negation and the general definition of negation by the grammatical circle, and the negative content that the article is to be defined, and then a comprehensive exposition of the types of negation, the difference and connection between affirmative and negative, the asymmetry of affirmative and negative, and the cross level of negation.
(three) negative form. This chapter selects the three most commonly used negative markers in modern Chinese Mandarin, "no", "no" and "farewell" as the research object. The main concerns are in the following aspects: "no", "no", "no" and "farewell" in the dialect of the basic type and regional distribution; "no" in dialects "no", "no", "" Different words are different from the special usage of Putonghua; dialect negates the corresponding relationship between the "no" verb "no" and the negative adverb "no"; the diversity of the dialectal negation forms (multi to one: multiple forms corresponding to a negative meaning) and the polysemy (one to many: one form expresses a variety of non definite meanings); the use of the negative interjection in dialect.
(four) negative and interrogative. First, to relate the negation to the question, first to discuss the non question, especially the interconnection between the question types and the negation, the negative is the important means of the repeated questions, and the relationship is close to the negation. This chapter focuses on the repeated questions, the main problems in the discussion are the regional distribution of the repeated questions with the negative words; This chapter also summarizes the regional distribution, usage characteristics and other problems of repeated questions (especially with negative forms).
(five) the point of negation. First, it introduces the basic concepts of the direction of negation, the principle of the right item and so on. It focuses on the point of denial, and combines a large number of dialectal materials to explain that negation can not only be the negation of the right side of the negative mark, but also to the component on the left side of the negative mark.
(six) the negative form sequence of energy and comparative structure. We focus on the predicates of the sentence, according to the negative form "no", "no" and the position of the predicate, and divide the energy structure containing "no" and "no" into two types of structural sequences, which are the sequence of predicate negative structural sequence and predicate negative structural sequence respectively. The main topics discussed include: 1, the energetic negative structural sequence.2 of the single verb "V", the energetic negation sequence.3 of the verb object "V+0", the energy negative structural sequence.4 of the verb complement "V+C", the energy negative structural sequence.5 of the verb object complement "V+C+O", the position comparison of "no" and "no" in the verb complement structure. The comparison is also discussed in this chapter. A sequence of negative forms of a structure.
(seven) the diachronic investigation of the negative words. In this chapter, we summarize the diachronic evolution of "no", "no", "farewell" and "non" negative words. From the perspective of "ancient - Fang", we examine their correspondence in dialects and ancient Chinese, and study the distribution of the negative adverbs in ancient Chinese.
(eight) concluding remarks. Summarize the full text, point out the basic understanding, main achievements and shortcomings of this article, and put forward some topics worthy of further discussion in the future.
【学位授予单位】:华中师范大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2013
【分类号】:H17
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