从“同文”到“国文”——戊戌前后张之洞系统对日本经验的迎拒

发布时间：2018-05-18 21:21

本文选题：张之洞 + 东学　；参考：《史林》2012年06期

【摘要】：清季戊戌前后,在日本朝野兴亚论者的鼓动下,并受康、梁一派译书论影响,湖广总督张之洞曾颇以提倡"东学"、"东文"自任。但随后康、梁流亡日本的现实,却迫使武昌督府对来自日本的新学理、新语汇持谨慎态度。张之洞系统对"东学"、"东文"的前迎后拒,颇值得玩味。清末所谓"东学"的内涵至为繁杂:既包括以日本为中介的西方科学知识、民权思想,亦不排除张之洞、梁鼎芬等"清流"出身者看重的"伦理"、"汉学"、"汉文"。在癸卯年参与重订学制时,张之洞强调"读经"及"中国文学"课程,表面上是抵拒"日本文体";与此同时,却通过对明治日本"国文学"、"国语"、"读书"等科的创造性转化,以"文体"问题为媒介,设想了一种文化引进模式,亦即代替"和文汉读"式的直接搬用,即便麻烦也要用义理化的"国文"来传达功利化的"新学"。
[Abstract]:Around Wuxu in the Qing Dynasty, inspired by the Japanese ruling and opposition Hsing Ya, and influenced by Kang and Liang Yipai's translation theory, Hu Guang Governor Zhang Zhidong advocated "East Learning" and "Dongwen" himself. But the reality of Kang and Liang exiled in Japan forced the governor of Wuchang to be cautious about the new theories and vocabulary from Japan. Zhang Zhidong system to "East Learning", "Dongwen" in front of the rejection, rather interesting. The connotations of the so-called "Eastern Learning" in the late Qing Dynasty were very complicated: it included not only the western scientific knowledge, civil rights thought mediated by Japan, but also the "ethics", "Sinology" and "Chinese language" which were valued by Zhang Zhidong, Liang Dingfen and other "Qing Dynasty" people. When Kui Mao-yen took part in the re-establishment of the academic system, Zhang Zhidong emphasized that the courses of "reading the classics" and "Chinese literature" were ostensibly rejected from "Japanese style". At the same time, the creative transformation of the Meiji Japanese "National Literature", "Mandarin", "Reading" and other subjects was achieved. Taking the "style" as the medium, this paper envisions a mode of cultural introduction, that is, replacing the direct transfer of "and Han reading" style, even though the trouble is to convey the utilitarian "new learning" with the "Chinese language" of righteousness and principle.
【作者单位】：北京大学高等人文研究院;北京大学哲学系;
【分类号】：K256;H109.3

【参考文献】