《说岳全传》代词研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 11:37

本文选题：语法 + 代词　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：《说岳全传》,全称为《新增精忠演义说本岳王全传》,成书于清代初期,作者为下层文人钱彩、金丰,是以岳飞抗金故事为题材的小说中成就最高的一部,在经典英雄传奇小说中占有重要地位。该书以民间说书人的底本为基础编订而成,通篇都是用说书人口气撰写,语言上以叙述为主,用当时流行的白话写成,口语色彩极浓,具有较高的语言研究价值。我们即以《说岳全传》为语料,对该书中的代词进行了全面系统的分析与研究。《说岳全传》中共出现不同代词116个。我们发现该书中的代词系统呈现出以下特点：第一,人称代词系统呈现出鲜明的现代汉语特征人称代词“我”“你”“他”在《说岳全传》中使用频率最高,用法与功能最完备,基本成为各自领域的通用形式。古汉语遗留下来的人称代词“吾”“尔”“汝”,以及兼有第三人称用法的“其”和“彼”,由于使用范围受限,在文中只有极少数用例,呈现衰亡趋势。南北朝时期新兴的第三人称代词“渠”和“伊”在文中均未出现,可见在成书年代已基本消失于口语交际中。人称代词单复数区分趋于明显,表复数的功能集中到“我们”“你们”“他们”上。文中“我们”并没有体现排除式和包括式的区别,可能是受作者所用方言影响的缘故。第二,“这”“那”为主角的指示代词系统基本形成。《说岳全传》的指示代词系统仍有少量古汉语遗留下来的指示代词,但新兴近指代词“这”“那”产生的复音形式变化更多,使用范围更广泛,语法功能更加完备,已基本居于指示代词系统的统治地位。古汉语遗留下的指示代词里,“此”仍在使用中,但在功能用法上受限制,值得注意的是,“此”进入近代汉语时期产生了一些复合形式的固定用法,如“因此”“如此”等一直沿用到现代汉语中。古汉语遗留的“兹、斯、是”在文中并未出现,而“彼”仅作为仿古用法出现在特殊语境中,且用量极少。旁指代词方面,“别”及其复音形式功能用法全面,仍是旁指代词系统的主要部分,而新兴起的旁指代词“另”“另外”“其余”,在使用频率上逐渐上升。逐指代词方面,“各”及其复音形式在使用频率上具有明显优势,“每”用例略少,但二者语义分工不同：“各”侧重于所指对象的个体性,而“每”侧重于所指对象的共性。统指代词方面,“诸”的使用最广泛,“一切”仅出现一次。除统指代捌“一切”以外,其他指示代词的地位和用法已与现代汉语基本上相同。第三,疑问代词的系统化过程呈现复杂性特点。上古汉语遗留下来的“焉”系和“安’系疑问代词,复音形式变化少,在句法功能、使用范围方面受到限制,已趋于衰亡。“何”系、“那”系、“怎”系和“甚”系疑问代词则逐渐成为近代汉语疑问代词的主要形式,它们产生了大量的复音形式,语法功能更加完备,分工明确清晰。《说岳全传》中的疑问代词除了常用的询问功能,还具备非疑问用法。如反诘、虚指、感叹等,这与现代汉语中的疑问代词用法基本一致。第四,代词的复音化趋势明显。《说岳全传》中复音形式代词有82个,占代词总数量的70.69%。指示代词和疑问代词的复音化趋势最为显著。复音形式代词在指别或者询问时语义更加精确,符合口语发展和社会交际的需求,体现出蓬勃的生命力。当然,汉语本身的复音化趋势也是影响代词复音化的重要因素。
[Abstract]:"The whole biography of Yue Yue" is called "the whole biography of the king of Yue". The book was written in the early Qing Dynasty. The author is the lower literary man's money color and Jin Feng. It is the highest achievement in the novels of Yue Fei's anti gold story. It occupies an important position in the classic heroic legend. The book is made up based on the foundation of the folk storyteller. All of them are written in the tone of the storyteller, the language is mainly narrated, and the popular vernacular is written at that time. The spoken language is very strong and has a high value of language research. We have made a comprehensive and systematic analysis and study of the pronouns in the book. We have found 116 different pronouns in the total biography of Yue Yue. The pronoun system in the book presents the following characteristics: first, the personal pronoun system presents a distinct modern Chinese character pronoun "I", "I" "you" "he" is the most frequently used in the "Yue Yue", the most complete use and function, basically become the general form of their respective fields. The personal pronoun left by ancient Chinese "I" " "You" and "ru" and "it" and "Peter" with third person usage, because of limited scope of use, there are only a few use cases in the text, showing the decline trend. The new third person pronoun "canal" and "Yi" in the northern and Southern Dynasties have not appeared in the text, it can be seen that in the book age it has basically disappeared in the oral communication. Personal pronouns have been basically disappeared. The distinction between single and plural numbers tends to be obvious, and the function of the complex number of the table is concentrated on "we" "you" and "they". "We" do not reflect the difference between the exclusionary and the inclusion, which may be influenced by the dialect of the author. Second, "this" "that" is the main character of the indicator pronoun system. The word system still has a small number of demonstrative pronouns left behind in ancient Chinese, but the burgeoning near finger pronoun "it" has more complex forms, more extensive use and more complete grammatical function, which has basically residing the dominant position of the pronoun system. In the demonstrative pronoun left by ancient Chinese, "this" is still in use, but in work The use of energy is restricted, and it is worth noting that "this" has come into the modern Chinese period with a number of compound forms of fixed usage, such as "so" and "so" has been used in modern Chinese. The legacy of "Zi, Si, is" in ancient Chinese has not appeared in the text, and "Peter" only appears in the special context as an antique usage, and used in the special context. In terms of paranasal pronouns, "farewell" and its polyphony are fully functional and still the main part of the paraphoric pronoun system, while the newly rising paraphoric pronouns, "other", "other" and "other", are gradually rising in the frequency of use. There are few use cases, but the semantic division of the two is different: "each" focuses on the individuality of the object, and "each" focuses on the generality of the object. Third, the systematic process of interrogative pronoun presents complexity. The "Yan" and "Ann" are the interrogative pronouns of "Yan" and "Ann" left behind in ancient Chinese. The syntactic function and the scope of use are limited. For the main forms of interrogative pronouns in modern Chinese, they have produced a large number of complex forms of polyphony, the grammatical function is more complete and the division of labor is clear and clear. The interrogative pronouns in "full biography of Yue Yue" have non interrogative uses, such as rhetorical, imaginary, and exclamation, which are basically consistent with the use of interrogative pronouns in modern Chinese. Fourth, There are 82 pronouns in the pronoun of the pronoun. There are 82 pronouns in the full biography of Yue Yue. The pronoun and the interrogative pronoun in the total number of pronouns are the most significant. The Polyphony pronoun is more accurate in meaning and inquiry, which is in line with the needs of oral development and social communication, and of course, it embodies a vigorous vitality. The polysyllabic trend of Chinese is also an important factor affecting the polysyllabic pronouns.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H146

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