皖北中原官话语法研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 03:30

本文选题：皖北中原官话 + 词缀　；参考：《南京师范大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：皖北绝大部分地区处于中原官话区,只有淮河沿岸部分方言点处于中原官话和江淮官话的过渡区域。皖北中原官话(统称皖北方言)分属商阜片、信蚌片和徐萧片三个小片。皖北方言在语法上具有不少一致性特征,如丰富的“子”缀词、程度补语“很得很”、特殊格式“非VP”等。皖北方言各小片又各自特色,如徐萧片的反复问句可用“VP吗/不”；商阜片西北部有“不粘”等说法;信蚌片西南部可在句末用“在”表示进行。本文从词缀、程度、体貌、疑问和句式五个方面对皖北中原官话的语法现象做了比较详细的描写和分析,得出的关于皖北方言语法的主要结论有： (1)词缀系统包括前缀、中缀、后缀,有些词缀具有方言特点,如前缀“老”、后缀“乎”、“子”以及贬义后缀“不拉唧的”等;存在中缀“不/巴”、“不子/巴子”,这组中缀的主要功能是增加贬抑色彩；“子”缀词特别丰富,可构成名词和数量结构。“子”缀具有“成词”、“转类”、“变义”、“增义”功能。 (2)程度表达有加程度词缀(词法)、重叠(词法)、加程度状语和程度补语四种手段。程度缀有前缀,也有后缀；有高量级的,也有低量级的。重叠、程度状语和程度补语主要表达高程度量。比较特别的程度状语有“死”、“血”、“镇(么)”、“恁(么)”等,述程式有“X得很”、“X狠唠”、“X得很得很”、“X得很得很得很”等,后两种形式是一种超常规表达方式,“狠唠”可修饰行为动词,程度量为“超量”。 (3)体貌方面：实现体采用“了”的音变形式“唠/喽”；持续体有两种标记：子(中东部),住(北部)；尝试体标记有：看、看看、瞧、瞧瞧、试试,可表达“警告”的语用意义；"VV"、"VVV"可表示动作反复持续进行；“来”可表示进行,有的方言点可表示实现(如阜阳),金寨、霍邱可在句末用“在”表示进行。 (4)反复问有"FVP"、"VP-neg-VP"、"VP+疑问语气词”三种形式,前两种形式可共存,可VP”问句形式复杂,句末语气词可显示体貌信息；“可是”问句是一种偏向是非问；是非问有语调是非问句、偏向“吗”问句和“可是”问句三种形式；特指问与普通话的差异表现为疑问代词的不同；无关联词语的紧缩式选择问为常用形式。 (5)“非VP不X”中的“非”已演变为情态副词,式中“不X”隐现的规律主要受制于语义特征、语法化程度和句法格式,省略式“非VP”为常用格式；“PP+X+啥+PP+X”是一种框式结构,意义是“否定”和“制止”；受事主语句表被动是常见格式,被动标记主要用“叫”、“让”、“给”,处置标记主要用“叫”、“把”、“给”,其中“叫”、“给”为被动、处置共用标记。
[Abstract]:Most of the areas in northern Anhui are located in the central plain Mandarin area, only some dialect points along the Huaihe River are located in the transitional areas of the central plain Mandarin and the Jianghuai Mandarin. Northern Anhui Central Plains Mandarin (commonly known as Northern Anhui dialect) belongs to Shangfu slice, Xin clam slice and Xu Xiao slice three small pieces. There are many grammatical consistency features in Anhui dialect, such as abundant "sub-affix", degree complement "very good", special format "non-VP" and so on. Each small piece in Northern Anhui dialect has its own characteristics, such as the repeated question sentence of Xu Xiaobian can be used as "VP / No", the northwest of Shangfu film has the expression "non-stick", and the southwest of Shin-clam can be expressed as "in" at the end of sentence. This paper gives a detailed description and analysis of the grammatical phenomena of the Central Plains Mandarin in Northern Anhui Province from five aspects of affixes, degrees, body features, questions and sentence patterns, and draws the main conclusions on the grammar of the Northern Anhui dialect: The affix system includes prefixes, affixes, suffixes, and some affixes have dialect characteristics, such as the prefix "Lao", the suffix "Huo", the "sub-suffix" and the derogatory suffix "not pulling", etc. The main function of this group of affixes is to add derogatory colors. The affixes of "Zi" have the functions of "forming words", "changing category", "changing meaning" and "increasing meaning". There are four means of degree expression: affix (lexical affix), overlap (lexical sentence), adverbial of additive degree (Additive degree) and complement of degree (degree complement). Degrees have prefixes and suffixes; there are high orders of magnitude and low orders of magnitude. Overlapping, degree adverbials and degree complements mainly express height measurement. "death", "blood", "town", "position", etc., and so on. The program includes "X", "X", "X", "X", "X", "X", "X" and so on. The latter two forms are a kind of supernormal expression, which can modify the action verb and the degree is overdose. (3) aspect of body appearance: the realizing body adopts the "talkative" phonetic form of "chitchat"; the persistent body has two kinds of markers: the child (central and eastern, living in the north), and the try body marker: look, see, try, see, try. The pragmatic meaning of "warning" can be expressed; "VV", "VVV" can mean repeated and continuous action; "come" can mean to carry out, and some dialect points can indicate realization (such as Fuyang, Jinzhai, Huoqiu, Huo Qiu can use "Ze" at the end of the sentence to indicate "in"). 4) there are "FVP", "VP-neg-VP" and "VP interrogative modal words", the former two forms can coexist, but the VP "question form is complex, and the modal word at the end of the sentence can show the body appearance information; but" question sentence is a kind of bias to ask right and wrong, and the intonation of right to ask is to have right and wrong question. In particular, the difference between question and Putonghua is the difference of interrogative pronouns, and the contractionary choice of uncorrelated words is a common form. (5) the "non" in "non-VP not X" has evolved into a modal adverb, and the hidden rule of "non-X" in the formula is mainly restricted by the semantic features, the grammaticalization degree and the syntactic format, and the elliptical "non-VP" is the common format. "PP X what PP X" is a kind of frame structure, meaning "negative" and "stop"; passive statement table is common format, passive mark mainly uses "call", "give", "give", disposal mark mainly uses "call", "handle", "give", in which "call", "give" is passive, dispose of common marks.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H172

【参考文献】