汉语动后结构中的假宾语现象的语法转喻研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 04:31

本文选题：构式语法 + 语法转喻　；参考：《广西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：转换生成语法经历了三十多年的语言学主导地位后,弊端逐渐显现,特别是对于一些习语性固定表达例如：all of a sudden和let alone解释力的严重不足。为了解决转换生成语法所不能解释的超语法性质,从上世纪九十年代开始,众多语言学家把目光投向认知语言学中的构式语法理论。构式语法学家对动词和构式互动的研究领域广泛,研究深入。激进构式语法理论认为“构式是句法表征的基本单位”,也就是说,任何一个语言表达式本身就是构式。因此,从该意义上说,传统句法学中的核心动词与其后跟随的名词性成分组合在一起也是一种构式,这种构式叫做动后结构。动后结构的提法源于王寅,在他的文章里,动后结构主要指动词和名词性短语的搭配,依据传统语法,也可以称作动宾结构。但是,并非所有动词后边的成分都是真正意义上的宾语,这一现象绝非偶然,特别是在汉语言中,大量存在,王寅称之为假宾语。本研究首先从激进构式语法理论出发,认为任何一个语言表达式本身就是构式。汉语中的句子可以分为主谓结构和非主谓结构,前者是本研究的研究对象。主谓结构包括主语和谓语部分,谓语部分指谓语动词以及其后的语法单位。本研究把王寅的动后结构拓展到动词与其后语法单位,这样汉语动后结构本身可以分为动词-名词短语结构、动词-形容词短语构式、动词-动词短语构式、动词-介词短语构式以及动词-主谓构式。王寅所指假宾语仅仅存在于传统语法中的动宾结构。在本研究中,这种动词-名词短语结构中的假宾语被看作是假宾语的原型,而其它四类构式中的形容词短语、动词短语、介词短语以及主谓结构则被看作是假宾语家族中原型的拓展。从这一角度出发,假宾语可以分为名词性动后结构中的假宾语以及非名词性动后结构中的假宾语。名词性动后结构即是动词-名词短语结构；非名词性动后结构指动词-形容词短语构式、动词-动词短语构式、动词-介词短语构式以及动词-主谓构式。本研究分析了传统转喻和概念转喻,提出语法转喻以及其中概念转喻与语法结构(表达)之间的互动关系,认为语法转喻是概念转喻在语言表达或语法结构层面的体现。依据吴淑琼的语法转喻认知模型,作者提出了语法转喻形成过程分为两个阶段：第一阶段是概念转喻,第二阶段是语法转喻,即概念转喻与语法结构(表达)的互动。进而深入分析了五类汉语动后结构中的假宾语的生成机制,以期对今后汉语语法研究提供新的视角和理论基础。
[Abstract]:After more than 30 years of linguistic dominance in transformational generative grammar, the disadvantages have gradually appeared, especially for some idiomatic fixed expressions, such as: all of a sudden and let alone. In order to solve the meta grammatical nature which cannot be explained by transformational generative grammar, since the 1990s, many linguists have turned their attention to the construction grammar theory in cognitive linguistics. The study of verb and construction interaction by construction grammars is extensive and in-depth. The theory of radical construction grammar holds that "construction is the basic unit of syntactic representation", that is, any linguistic expression itself is a construction. Therefore, in this sense, the combination of the core verbs in traditional syntax and the noun elements followed by them is also a kind of construction, which is called the post-verb structure. In his article, the post-verb structure mainly refers to the collocation of verbs and noun phrases. According to the traditional grammar, it can also be called verb-object structure. However, not all the elements behind the verb are real objects, which is no accident, especially in the Chinese language, which Wang Yin calls false objects. Based on the theory of radical construction grammar, the present study holds that any linguistic expression is a construction itself. Chinese sentences can be divided into subject-predicate structure and non-subject-predicate structure, the former is the object of this study. The subject-predicate structure includes the subject and predicate parts, and the predicate part refers to the predicate verb and the subsequent grammatical units. This study extends Wang Yin's post-verb structure to verbs and post-grammatical units, so that Chinese post-verb structures can be divided into verb-noun phrase structure, verb-adjective phrase construction, verb-verb phrase construction, and verb-verb phrase construction. Verb-prepositional phrase construction and verb-subject-predicate construction. The false object referred to by Wang Yin only exists in the verb-object structure in the traditional grammar. In this study, the false object in the verb-noun phrase structure is regarded as the prototype of the false object, while the adjective phrase, the verb phrase in the other four types of construction, Prepositional phrases and subject-predicate structures are regarded as an extension of the prototype in the false object family. From this point of view, the false object can be divided into the false object in the noun post-verb structure and the non-noun post-verb structure. The noun post-verb structure refers to the verb-adjective phrase construction, the verb-prepositional phrase construction and the verb-subject-predicate construction, while the non-noun post-verb structure refers to the verb-adjective phrase construction, the verb-phrase construction This study analyzes the traditional metonymy and conceptual metonymy, and puts forward the grammatical metonymy and the interaction between conceptual metonymy and grammatical structure (expression). It is considered that grammatical metonymy is the embodiment of conceptual metonymy at the level of language expression or grammatical structure. According to Wu Shu-qiong 's cognitive model of grammatical metonymy, the author proposes that the formation of grammatical metonymy can be divided into two stages: the first stage is conceptual metonymy and the second stage is grammatical metonymy, that is, the interaction between conceptual metonymy and grammatical structure (expression). Furthermore, this paper makes a thorough analysis of the formation mechanism of false objects in five kinds of Chinese post-verb structures in order to provide a new perspective and theoretical basis for the future study of Chinese grammar.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】