汉越视觉动词语义对比研究

发布时间：2018-06-11 19:44

本文选题：汉越视觉动词 + 语义场　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：不同语言之间视觉动词的对比研究是吸引语言学家深入研究的课题之一。在搜集及研究资料的过程中,我们发现在越南有越法和越英之间视觉动词的对比,在中国有汉英、汉俄或汉日之间视觉动词的对比,但汉越视觉动词对比的研究还较为缺乏。因此笔者试图从语义方面对汉越视觉动词进行对比,同时也希望通过本研究题目能够丰富汉越对比研究的内容,并且能够弥补词汇场-语义场领域的某些空白。本文包括以下主要内容：第一章为绪论,本文提出选题理由并介绍与本研究有关的研究对象及范围、研究意义、研究现状,最后介绍本文的研究方法。第二章：与汉越视觉动词相关的基本问题我们从语义角度把视觉动词系统划分为“非视觉行为动词”和“视觉行为动词”两大类型。其中本文主要深入分析和详细对比汉越“视觉行为动词”。我们参照《现代汉语词典》、《现代汉语规范词典》、《汉语教与学词典》、《新华同义词词典》、《同义词词林》、《词典学词汇学语义学文集》、《现代汉语分类大词典》、《越南语词典》、《越南词和语词典》、《汉越词典》、《越汉词典》等义类词典,将汉语中的105个视觉行为动词义位和越南语中的46个视觉行为动词义位,分别划分为“视觉动作动词义场”和“视觉感知动词义场”。并根据各义位之间的区别性语义特征,将汉越视觉动作动词义场和汉越视觉感知动词义场进一步细分。汉语视觉动作动词义场的代表性义位为“看”,越南语视觉动作动词义场的代表性义位为“nhin”。在汉语视觉动作动词义场的基础上,我们又进一步细分为“看”基本义场和“细看”、“注视”、“窥探”、“环视”、“斜视”、“平视”、“阅读”、“望”、“仰视”、“回视”、“俯视”11类下位子场,并在越南语视觉动作动词义场的基础上,也进一步细分为“nhin”基本义场和“nhin ky”、“dom”、“liec”、“doc”、“nhin xa”、“nguoc”6类下位子场。其中只有“看”与“nhin”、“细看”与“nhin ky”、“窥探”与“dom”、“斜视”与“liec”、“阅读”与“doc”、“望”与“nhin xa”、“仰视”与“nguoc”为对应子场。“注视”、“环视”、“平视”、“回视”、“俯视”这5类子场在越南语中是空缺义场：在表达这些视觉行为时,汉语都用动词来表示而越南语则用短语来表示,因此无法进行对比。如动词“注视”,越南语用短语“nhin cham chu”来对译；动词“环视”,越南语用短语“nhin xung quanh”来对译。汉语视觉感知动词义场的代表性义位为“见”,越南语视觉感知动词义场的代表性义位为“thay”。在汉越视觉感知动词义场中“见”义场与“thay”义场为对应子场。通过对以上所提到的汉越视觉行为动词对应子场对比,我们对这两种语言中的视觉行为动词从整体上有了一个比较清楚地了解。汉越视觉行为动词语义场同中有异：共性表现在汉越视觉行为动词义场内部分类层级大致相同,都分为基本义场和下位子场；差异表现在汉语中有“注视”、“环视”、“平视”、“回视”、“俯视”这5类子场在越南语中是空缺义场,并在汉越视觉行为动词对应义场中都存在空缺义位。第三章：汉越视觉行为动词义场对比我们参考词典释义,对汉越视觉行为动词对应义场中的义位进行义素分析,发现汉越视觉行为动词在语义成分上既存在共性,又存有差异。共享的语义成分使它们同属一个语义场,并通过个性义素来区别。汉越视觉行为动词义场有[视觉器官](眼睛)、[核心语义](看)2个共性义素和[动作]、[时间]、[空间]、[方式]、[态度]、[关系对象]、[适用范围]、[目的]、[情态]、[形象]、[结果]、[语体]12个个性义素。汉越视觉行为动词对应义场中义位的数目不完全对应。汉语视觉行为动词义场的义位比越南语视觉行为动词义场的义位多得多：在汉语视觉动作动词义场中有96个义位,在越南语视觉动作动词义场中有44个义位。其中,“看”基本义场有4个义位,“细看”子场有36个义位,“窥探”子场有8个义位,“斜视”子场有11个义位,“阅读”子场有13个义位,“望”子场有19个义位,“仰视”子场有5个义位；“mhin”基本义场有5个义位,“nhin ky”子场有21个义位,“dom”子场有10个义位,“liec”子场有4个义位,“doc”子场有3个义位,“nhin xa”子场有1个义位,“nguoc”子场有2个义位；在汉语视觉感知动词义场的“见”义场有9个义位,在越南语视觉感知动词义场的“thay”义场有2个义位。其对应义场中的义位还存在着义位对应、义位部分对应、义位空缺3种形式。区别性的语义特征决定了这种对应或差异。通过对比研究,我们共已找到汉越“视觉动作动词义场”中的22组义位对应及2组义位部分对应,汉越“视觉感知动词义场”中的2组义位对应,在越南语中空缺的47个汉语义位和在汉语中空缺的1个越南语义位。第四章：越南学生汉语视觉行为动词的使用情况这部分主要研究越南学生使用汉语视觉行为动词的情况。通过调查,我们发现大部分越南学生对汉语视觉行为动词还了解不深透,因此产生混用。他们犯错误的原因主要是搭配对象不同和语义差异。
[Abstract]:The contrastive study of visual verbs between different languages is one of the topics that attract linguists. In the process of collecting and studying the data, we find the comparison of visual verbs between Vietnam and Vietnam, and the comparison of visual verbs between Chinese, Chinese, Chinese and Japanese in China, but the comparison of the visual verbs between the Vietnamese and the Vietnamese has also been studied. Therefore, the author tries to compare the semantic aspects of the Chinese and Vietnamese visual verbs, and also hopes to enrich the content of the contrastive study of Han Yue and to make up some gaps in the field of lexical semantic field through this study.
This article includes the following main contents:
The first chapter is the introduction, this article puts forward the reasons for the topic and introduces the research object and scope related to this research, the significance, the research status, and finally introduces the research methods of this paper.
The second chapter: basic questions related to visual verbs in Chinese and Vietnamese.
From the semantic point of view, we divide the visual verb system into two types: "non visual behavior verb" and "visual behavior verb". This paper mainly analyzes and compares the "visual behavior verbs" in Han Yue.
We refer to the modern Chinese dictionary, the dictionary of modern Chinese, the dictionary of Chinese teaching and learning, the dictionary of synonyms, the synonym, the lexicology of semantics, the dictionary of lexicology, the dictionary of modern Chinese, the Vietnamese dictionary, the Vietnamese dictionary and the dictionary, the Chinese dictionary, the Chinese Dictionary, and the dictionary of the Chinese dictionary, which will 105 Chinese dictionaries. The sememe of visual action verb and 46 visual verbs in Vietnamese are divided into "visual action verb meaning field" and "visual sense verb meaning field", and the meaning field of Han Yue visual action verb and Han Yue visual perception verb are further subdivided according to the distinctive semantic features of each sememe.
The representative sense of the semantic field of the Chinese visual action verb is "look". The representative sense of the semantic field of the Vietnamese visual action verb is "NHIN". On the basis of the meaning field of the Chinese visual action verb, we further subdivide the basic meaning field and the "look", "gaze", "peep", "look around", "squint", "squint", "flat look" "Reading", "looking", "looking up", "looking back", "looking down" 11 subcategories, and on the basis of the meaning field of the Vietnamese visual action verbs, are further subdivided into the 6 subfields of the basic meaning field of "NHIN" and "DOM", "liec", "Doc", "NHIN XA", "nguoc". "Look at" and "NHIN KY", "peep" and "DOM", "strabismus" and "liec", "reading" and "Doc", "Hope" and "NHIN XA", "look up" and "nguoc" as the corresponding subfields. The 5 subfields of "gaze", "look around", "look back", "look down", "look down" are the vacant meaning fields in Vietnamese language: in expressing this In some visual behavior, Chinese is expressed in verbs and Vietnamese is expressed in phrases, so it can't be compared. For example, the verb "gaze", the Vietnamese phrase "NHIN Cham Chu" to translate; the verb "look around", the Vietnamese use the phrase "NHIN xung quanh" to translate.
The representative sense of the semantic field of visual perception of Chinese is "see". The representative sense of the semantic field of visual perception verbs in Vietnamese is "thay". In the sense field of the visual perception of Han, the semantic field of "see" and "thay" are the corresponding subfields in the sense field of the visual perception of Han.
By comparing the visual behavior verbs of the Han Yue visual verbs mentioned above, we have a better understanding of the visual behavior verbs in the two languages. The basic meaning field and the lower subfield are the 5 subfields of "gaze", "look around", "flat look", "back sight" and "overlook" in the Vietnamese language, and there is a vacancy sense in the corresponding sense field of the visual behavior verb of the Han Yue.
The third chapter: the comparison of the semantic field of the visual behavior verbs of the Han and Vietnamese
Referring to the interpretation of the dictionary, we analyze the sememe in the semantic field of the visual verb of the Han Yue, and find that the semantic components of the Han Vietnamese visual acts have both commonness and differences. The shared semantic components belong to a semantic field and are distinguished by the individual semanteme.
The semantic field of the visual behavior verb of Han Yue has [visual organs] (eyes), [core semantic] (see) 2 common sememe and [action], [time], [space], [manner], [relational object], [application range], [purpose], [modality], [image], [result], [body]12 all sememe.
The semantic field of the Chinese visual behavior verb is much more than the meaning field of the Vietnamese visual action verb: there are 96 sense positions in the semantic field of the Chinese visual action verb, and there are 44 sense positions in the semantic field of the Vietnamese visual action verb. There are 4 meanings in the "look" subfield, and the subfield of "peep" has 8 meanings. There are 11 senses in the subfield of "strabismus", and there are 13 senses in the subfield of "reading". There are 19 sense positions in the "look" subfield, and there are 5 sense positions in the "look up" subfield. There are 5 sense positions in the basic sense field of "mhin", and the sub field of "NHIN KY" has 21 meanings, and the "DOM" subfield has 10 The subfield of "liec" has 4 meanings, and the subfield of "Doc" has 3 meanings, and the subfield of "NHIN XA" has 1 sense positions, and the "nguoc" subfield has 2 sense positions, and there are 9 sense positions in the sense field of visual sense of Chinese visual perception, and there are 2 sense positions in the "thay" sense field of the Vietnamese visual sense verb sense field.
There are 3 forms of semantic position corresponding to the meaning field, the partial correspondence of the sense position and the vacancy of the sense position. The difference semantic features determine the corresponding or the difference. Through the comparative study, we have found the corresponding 22 sets of sense positions corresponding to the sense field of the visual action verb of the Han Yue and the corresponding part of the 2 groups of sense positions, and the "visual perception verb" of the Han Yue. The 2 groups of semantic positions correspond to the 47 semantic positions in Vietnamese and 1 Vietnamese meanings in Chinese.
The fourth chapter: Vietnamese students' use of Chinese visual behavior verbs.
This part mainly studies the situation of Vietnamese students using Chinese visual behavior verbs. Through the investigation, we find that most Vietnamese students are not deeply aware of the Chinese visual behavior verbs, and thus produce mixed use. The main reasons for their mistakes are the different collocation objects and the semantic differences.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136;H44

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