阅读中因果关系的预测性效应：来自眼动的证据

发布时间：2018-06-13 10:26

本文选题：句法预测 + 眼动　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究使用E-prime软件编程,通过Eyelink1000眼动仪记录数据，关注的是首次注视时间、第一遍注视时间、回视路径时间以及回视率等眼动指标，，考察因果关系句子的预测性效应。实验采用句法中心语的类型及位置的不同作为实验材料，考察不同因果关联性词汇对句法预测的影响，同时考察了动词短语及句法中心语的出现位置不同对整个句子预测性的影响。通过眼动技术有效记录阅读句子过程中的眼动轨迹，进一步考察其时间进程。研究结果发现：（1）动词短语为中心语时句子反映时间显著快于非动词为中心语的情况。（2）句子因果关系中不同关联性词汇所引起的句法预测性存在显著差异。有因果预测可以有效的减少第二个子句的首次注视时间、第一遍注视时间和回视率。(3)在“所以”所引导的句法中心语位置在前条件下，第一遍注视时间和回视路径时间显著高于句法中心语位置在后的情况。基于以上结果，得出如下的结论：（1）句法中心语类型对因果关系句子的句法预测性存在影响，动词短语可以促进句子的整体加工。（2）因果关联词的预测性效应显著。有关联词出现的时候可以有效的预测第二个子句，促进其认知加工。（3）当句法中心语出现在句尾的时候，第二个子句的阅读时间会减少。证明句法中心语存在位置效应，这与句法预测性关于在新的词汇出现前就建立起句法结构的观点相一致。而结果并没有证明中文阅读中，记忆成本的增加导致阅读变得困难这一结论。最后，本研究对两种预测性理论所对应的心理机制进行深入的探讨，进一步明确存在预测性的语境条件以及句子类型对句法预测产生的影响。
[Abstract]:This study uses the E-prime software programming to record the data through the Eyelink1000 eye movement instrument, focusing on the first gaze time, the first gaze time, the review path time and the reparation rate and so on, to investigate the predictive effect of the causality sentence. The experiment uses the different types and positions of the syntactic Central language as the experimental materials. The effect of different causal association words on syntactic prediction, and the effect of verb phrase and syntactic center language on the predictability of the whole sentence is examined. Eye movement technique is used to record the eye movement in the process of reading sentences, and the process of time is further investigated.
The results of the study are as follows: (1) when the verb phrase is the central language, the time of the sentence is significantly faster than that of the non verb. (2) there is a significant difference in the syntactic predictability caused by the different relevance words in the sentence causality. The causal prediction can effectively reduce the first fixation time of the second clauses and the first time to look at the time. (3) under the precondition of the position of the syntactic central language guided by "so", the first time and the reparate path time are significantly higher than the position of the syntactic central language in the post.
Based on the above results, the following conclusions are drawn.
(1) the types of syntactic center affect the syntactic predictability of causal sentences, and verb phrases can promote the overall processing of sentences.
(2) the predictive effect of causal association words is significant. When associated words appear, they can effectively predict second sub clauses and promote their cognitive processing.
(3) when the syntactic central language appears at the end of the sentence, the reading time of the second clauses will be reduced. It proves that there is a position effect in the syntactic central language, which is consistent with the syntactic view that the syntactic structure is established before the emergence of the new vocabulary. The result does not prove that the increase of memory cost in the reading of the Chinese language leads to the reading of reading. In the end, this study makes an in-depth study of the psychological mechanism corresponding to the two predictability theories, further clarifying the predictability of the contextual conditions and the effect of sentence types on the syntactic prediction.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B842;H146

【参考文献】